Laser Spectroscopy Vol. 1 Basic Principles
Keeping abreast of the latest techniques and applications, this new edition of the standard reference and graduate text on laser spectroscopy has been completely revised and expanded. While the general concept is unchanged, the new edition features a broa
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Fourth edition
Wolfgang Demtröder
Laser Spectroscopy Vol. 1: Basic Principles Fourth edition
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Wolfgang Demtröder Universität Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Physik Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 46 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-540-73415-4
e-ISBN 978-3-540-73418-5
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-73418-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007939486 © 2008, 2003, 1996, 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: F. Steinen-Broo, eStudio Calamar, Girona/Spain Typesetting and Production: le-tex publishing services oHG, Leipzig Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Nearly 50 years after the realization of the first laser in 1960, laser spectroscopy is still a very intense field of research which has expanded with remarkable progress into many areas of science, medicine and technology, and has provided an ever-increasing number of applications. The importance of laser spectroscopy and its appreciation by many people is, for instance, proved by the fact that over the last ten years three Nobel Prizes have been awarded to nine scientists in the field of laser spectroscopy and quantum optics. This positive development is partly based on new experimental techniques, such as improvements of existing lasers and the invention of new laser types, the realization of optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers in the femtosecond range, the generation of attosecond pulses, the revolution in the measurements of absolute optical frequencies and phases of optical waves using the optical frequency comb, or the different methods developed for the generation of Bose–Einstein condensates of atoms and molecules and the demonstration of atom lasers as a particle equivalent to photon lasers. These technical developments have stimulated numerous applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, atmospheric research, materials science, metrology, optical communication networks, and many other industrial areas. In order to cover at least some of these new developments, a single volume would need too many pages. Therefore the author has decided to split the book into two parts. The first part contains the foundations of laser spect
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