Latanoprost Loaded in Polymeric Nanocapsules for Effective Topical Treatment of Alopecia
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Research Article Latanoprost Loaded in Polymeric Nanocapsules for Effective Topical Treatment of Alopecia Ana Christina S. Oliveira,1 Paula M. Oliveira,1 Marcilio Cunha-Filho,1 Tais Gratieri,1 and Guilherme M. Gelfuso1,2
Received 25 September 2020; accepted 24 October 2020 Abstract. Latanoprost has recently been used to treat alopecia as it causes an increase in the
capillary density of patients. This work presents for the first time the development of polymeric nanocapsules containing latanoprost for the topical treatment of alopecia. Poly-εcaprolactone nanocapsules loading latanoprost were developed by nanoprecipitation of the polymer on the surface of drug oily nanodroplets. The method encapsulated 93.9 ± 0.4% of the drug into nanocapsules of 197.8 (± 1.2) nm (PdI = 0.15 ± 0.01). The nanosystem presented a zeta potential equal to − 30.1 ± 1.8 mV and was stable for at least 90 days when stored at 6°C. The colloidal aqueous dispersion was non-irritating, according to the in vitro HET-CAM test. The nanocapsules improved latanoprost accumulation into the hair follicles when topically applied on porcine skin, delivering 30% more drug to these skin structures relative to the control solution (P < 0.05). Also, with a simple manual massage, latanoprost accumulation was increased by twofold (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in addition to being a stable and safe formulation, nanocapsules enhanced latanoprost accumulation into the hair follicles, being a nanosystem with high potential for use as a topical formulation for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. KEY WORDS: drug delivery; skin; alopecia; targeted delivery; nanotechnology; hair follicle.
INTRODUCTION Still nowadays, the only drug approved by the FDA for the topical treatment of androgenic alopecia is minoxidil (1). When topically applied, minoxidil acts by dilating the blood vessels that nourish the hair follicles, delaying their early passage to the telogen phase (follicular regression) (2). Even though there are high success rates in baldness reduction, the topical application of minoxidil is not effective in all circumstances. The first problem is treatment discontinuation due to scalp dryness, irritation, and allergic contact dermatitis often caused by the high concentrations of organic solvents in the formulations. For that reason, several recently published studies aimed to reduce adverse effects of minoxidil formulations and to improve the effectiveness by stimulating the accumulation of the drug into the hair follicles (3) using nanostructured delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles (4–6), liposomes (7–9), and solid lipid nanoparticles (10–13). Despite the promising results achieved with these novel minoxidil formulations, a large portion of patients are 1
Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil. 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. (e–mail: [email protected])
unresponsive to treatment with this drug (14). Thus, studies to insert new molecules and e
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