Lateralization of increased density of Iba1-immunopositive microglial cells in the anterior midcingulate cortex of schiz
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Lateralization of increased density of Iba1‑immunopositive microglial cells in the anterior midcingulate cortex of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Elisabeth Petrasch‑Parwez1 · Andreas Schöbel1 · Alia Benali2 · Zahra Moinfar1,3 · Eckart Förster1 · Martin Brüne4,5 · Georg Juckel5,6 Received: 4 October 2019 / Accepted: 3 February 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract There is increasing evidence from genetic, biochemical, pharmacological, neuroimaging and post-mortem studies that immunological dysregulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psychoses. The involvement of microglia in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) has remained controversial, however, since results from various post-mortem studies are still inconclusive. Here, we analyzed the estimated density of microglia of age-matched individuals with schizophrenia (n = 17), BD (n = 13), and non-psychiatric control subjects (n = 17) in the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), a brain area putatively involved in the pathogenesis of psychoses, using ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)—immunohistochemistry. The microglial cells displayed a homogenously distributed Iba1—staining pattern in the aMCC with slightly varying activation states in all three groups. The estimated microglial densities did not differ significantly between individuals with schizophrenia, BD and control subjects. Remarkably, when both hemispheres were investigated separately within the three groups, the density was significantly lateralized towards the right aMCC in schizophrenia (p = 0.01) and—even more evident—in BD subjects (p = 0.008). This left–right lateralization was not observed in the control group (p = 0.52). Of note, microglial density was significantly lower in BD individuals who did not commit suicide compared with BD individuals who died from suicide (p = 0.002). This difference was not observed between individuals with BD who committed suicide and controls. The results, tentatively interpreted, suggest a hitherto unknown increased lateralization of microglial density to the right hemisphere in both psychiatric groups. If confirmed in independent samples, lateralization should be considered in all post-mortem studies on microglia. Density differences between suicide and non-suicide individuals needs further elucidation. Keywords Microglia · Schizophrenia · Bipolar disorder · Anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) · Lateralization · Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) Abbreviations ACC Anterior cingulate cortex aMCC Anterior midcingulate cortex BD Bipolar disorder
Contr Control individuals Iba1 Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 F Female g Grams
* Georg Juckel [email protected]
4
Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
5
Department of Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
6
Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherap
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