Latest Advances in High-Voltage and High-Energy-Density Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Latest Advances in High‑Voltage and High‑Energy‑Density Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries Xinhai Yuan1 · Fuxiang Ma1 · Linqing Zuo1 · Jing Wang1 · Nengfei Yu1 · Yuhui Chen1 · Yusong Zhu1 · Qinghong Huang1 · Rudolf Holze1,2,3 · Yuping Wu1 · Teunis van Ree4 Received: 11 April 2020 / Revised: 4 June 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) have become a lively research theme due to their advantages of low cost, safety, environmental friendliness, and easy manufacturing. However, since its inception, the aqueous solution energy storage system has always faced some problems, which hinders its development, such as the narrow electrochemical stability window of water, poor percolation of electrode materials, and low energy density. In recent years, to overcome the shortcomings of the aqueous solution-based energy storage system, some very pioneering work has been done, which also provides a great inspiration for further research and development of future high-performance aqueous energy storage systems. In this paper, the latest advances in various ARBs with high voltage and high energy density are reviewed. These include aqueous rechargeable lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum batteries. Further challenges are pointed out. Keywords Aqueous rechargeable batteries · Aqueous electrolyte · High voltage · High energy density
1 Introduction In recent years, the continuous consumption of non-renewable energetic resources (oil, coal, natural gas, etc.) has caused serious environmental problems and a continuing energy crisis. The development and utilization of renewable energies (solar, wind, tidal, etc.) can alleviate these problems Xinhai Yuan and Fuxiang Ma contribute equally to this work. * Qinghong Huang [email protected] * Yuping Wu [email protected] 1
Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Energy Science and Engineering, China State Key Laboratory of Materials‑Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
2
Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
3
Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, AG Elektrochemie, Chemnitz, Germany
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
effectively, but because of the intermittent nature of renewable energy, it is not conducive to effective grid supply, so there is an urgent need for safe and reliable energy storage devices to store energy [1]. Rechargeable battery technologies, such as the lead–acid batteries, nickel–cadmium batteries, nickel–metal hydride (Ni–MH) batteries, redox flow batteries (RFCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), have found practical application in various fields, but the inherent limitations of these systems hinder their wider application in the large-scale energy storage field, among which operational safety and other ideal characteristics (such as low installation cost, long cycle l
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