Learning to Read in the Late Ottoman Empire and the Early Turkish Republic
An exploration of the ways in which children learned and were taught to read, against the background of the transition from Ottoman Empire to Turkish Republic. This study gives us a fresh perspective on the transition from empire to republic by showing us
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Also by Benjamin C. Fortna: IMPERIAL CLASSROOM: Islam, the State, and Education in the Late Ottoman Empire THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST: A Sourcebook for History (Co-edited with Camron Michael Amin and Elizabeth Frierson)
Learning to Read in the Late Ottoman Empire and the Early Turkish Republic
Benjamin C. Fortna Senior Lecturer in the Modern History of the Middle East, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK
© Benjamin C. Fortna 2011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-0-230-23296-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-31316-7 DOI 10.1057/9780230300415
ISBN 978-0-230-30041-5 (eBook)
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fortna, Benjamin C. Learning to read in the late Ottoman Empire and the early Turkish republic / Benjamin C. Fortna. p. cm. ISBN 978–0–230–23296–9 (hardback) 1. Reading – Turkey – History – 19th century. 2. Reading – Turkey – History – 20th century. 3. Education and state – Turkey – History – 19th century. 4. Education and state – Turkey – History – 20th century. 5. Turkey – History – Tanzimat, 1839–1876. 6. Turkey – History – 1878–1909. I. Title. LA941.7.F68 2011 418⬘.40710561—dc22 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
2010034129
for Sarah
Contents List of Figures
ix
Preface
x
Acknowledgements
xii
List of Abbreviations
xiii
Note on Transliteration, Dates and Surnames
xiv
1 Introduction: Reading Empire, Reading Republic Chapter overview
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