Lebanon Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis

No country in the world has more political battles, military conflicts, and ethnic complexity per person and per square mile than does Lebanon. This book explains the issues, events, and personalities involved in one of the globe's most dramatic and impor

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THE MIDDLE EAST IN FOCUS The Middle East has become simultaneously the world’s most controversial, crisis-ridden, and yet least-understood region. Taking new perspectives on the area that has undergone the most dramatic changes, the Middle East in Focus series, edited by Barry Rubin, seeks to bring the best, most accurate expertise to bear for understanding the area’s countries, issues, and problems. The resulting books are designed to be balanced, accurate, and comprehensive compendiums of both facts and analysis presented clearly for both experts and the general reader. Series Editor: Barry Rubin Director, Global Research International Affairs (GLORIA) Center Editor, Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA) Journal Editor, Turkish Studies Turkish Dynamics: Bridge across Troubled Lands By Ersin Kalaycıog˘lu Eternal Iran: Continuity and Chaos By Patrick Clawson and Michael Rubin Hybrid Sovereignty in the Arab Middle East: The Cases of Kuwait, Jordan, and Iraq By Gokhan Bacik The Politics of Intelligence and American Wars with Iraq By Ofira Seliktar Hezbollah: The Story of the Party of God: From Revolution to Institutionalization By Eitan Azani Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis Edited by Barry Rubin

LEBANON LIBERATION, CONFLICT, AND CRISIS

Edited by Barry Rubin

LEBANON

Copyright © Barry Rubin, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-60587-9 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-349-37326-0 ISBN 978-0-230-62243-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230622432 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lebanon : liberation, conflict, and crisis / edited by Barry Rubin. p. cm.—(Middle East in focus) 1. Lebanon—Politics and government—1990–2. Lebanon—Foreign relations. I. Rubin, Barry M. DS87.54.L39 2009 956.920494—dc22

2008052683

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: July 2009

C ON T E N TS

Contributors

vii

Introduction Barry Rubin

1

1

Reflections on Lebanon William Harris

2

What Makes Lebanon a Distinctive Country? Eli Fawaz

9 25

3 Lebanon’s Militia Wars Tony Badran

35

4

Lebanon’s Roller Coaster Ride William Harris

63

5

Demographic Dilemmas Mark Farha

83

6

Lebanon’s Culture: Popular Music as a Case Study Charles Paul Freund

99

7

Lebanese Economy between Violence and Political Stalemate Nimrod Raphaeli

8

Islamist