Left-Right Asymmetry in Vertebrate Development
Externally the vertebrate body plan presents a bilateral symmetry in relation to the midline. However, inside the body the distribution of the visceral organs follows a very particular pattern that is not symmetrical in relation to the midline. The last 1
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y Embryology and Cell Biology
Editors F. F. Beck, Melbourne · F. Clascá, Madrid M. Frotscher, Freiburg · D. E. Haines, Jackson H.-W. Korf, Frankfurt · E. Marani, Enschede R. Putz, München · Y. Sano, Kyoto T. H. Schiebler, Würzburg · K. Zilles, Düsseldorf
M.L. López-Gracia and M.A. Ros
Left–Right Asymmetry in Vertebrate Development
With 17 Figures and 7 Tables
123
Ph.D. Maria L. López-Gracia Prof. Dr. Marian Ros Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular Faculdad de Medicina Universidad de Cantabria 39011 Santander Spain e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 0301-5556 ISBN-10 3-540-36347-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-36347-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
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List of Contents
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The First Morphological Asymmetries in the Left–Right Axis . Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Asymmetries in the Left–Right Axis Are Highly Conserved The Situs of Individual Organs Is Independently Established . . Left–Right Morphogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vertebrate Heart Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
Establishment of Left–Right Asymmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breaking of the Initial Symmetry in the Embryo . . . . . . . . . The Noda
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