Leptin and its Association with Somatic Depressive Symptoms in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome
- PDF / 199,160 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 101 Downloads / 235 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Leptin and its Association with Somatic Depressive Symptoms in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome Diana A. Chirinos, M.S. & Ronald Goldberg, M.D. & Marc Gellman, Ph.D. & Armando J. Mendez, Ph.D. & Miriam Gutt, Ph.D. & Judith R. McCalla, Ph.D. & Maria M. Llabre, Ph.D. & Neil Schneiderman, Ph.D.
# The Society of Behavioral Medicine 2013
Abstract Background This study aimed to determine the association between circulating leptin levels and total depressive symptoms as well as depressive symptom dimensions (cognitive and somatic) after controlling for important confounding factors. Methods The study sample was comprised of 135 participants with the metabolic syndrome. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory—II. Leptin was measured using a leptin-specific enzyme immunoassay. Inflammation was assessed using C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels. Results Leptin was significantly associated with somatic depressive symptoms (β=0.33, P=0.018), but not total depressive symptoms (β=0.27, P=0.067) or cognitive depressive symptoms (β=0.21, P=0.182), after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and insulin resistance. Further adjustment for C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels did not alter the relationship (β=0.32, P=0.023) between circulating leptin levels and somatic depressive symptoms.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9479-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. D. A. Chirinos (*) : M. Gellman : J. R. McCalla : M. M. Llabre : N. Schneiderman Department of Psychology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0751, USA e-mail: [email protected] R. Goldberg : A. J. Mendez : M. Gutt Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Conclusions Leptin is independently associated with somatic depressive symptoms in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Keywords Depression . Leptin . Inflammation . Metabolic syndrome . Blood pressure . Body weight . Insulin resistance . Lipoproteins . Cardiovascular disease
Introduction The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of disturbances that include central adiposity, abnormal glucose regulation, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure [1], has been linked to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality [2] as well as risk for type 2 diabetes [3]. The relationship between psychological factors such as depression and the metabolic syndrome has been extensively documented. Cross-sectional studies [4] as well as longitudinal studies [5] support an association between elevated levels of depressive symptoms and the presence of the metabolic syndrome. Similarly, a positive association between depressive symptoms and the metabolic syndrome individual components [6, 7], particularly abdominal obesity [8], is wellsupported by the literature. Nevertheless, while the biological pathways that link the metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms are of great interest, they
Data Loading...
