Lessons Learned in Selection and Review of Depression Apps for Primary Care Settings
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Lessons Learned in Selection and Review of Depression Apps for Primary Care Settings Margaret R. Emerson 1
&
Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway 2 & Danae Dinkel 3 & Suhasini Kotcherlakota 1 & Louis Fok 2
Received: 21 February 2020 / Revised: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is one of the most common mental health issues being addressed within primary care settings. Mobile apps, which can be used to help people manage their depressive symptoms, are rapidly developing. However, many challenges exist for clinicians and providers to simply select an appropriate app for use within target populations. The objectives of this article are as follows: (1) to describe the search processes that were used to identify depressionrelated mobile apps and (2) to describe the review process that was implemented to inform and evaluate the identified depressionrelated mobile health apps for use with our target population. A research team consisting of information technology researchers, primary and psychiatric care providers, and health care researchers completed two mobile app searches to identify depressionrelated apps which could be used for further exploration within an underserved integrated primary care setting. Sixteen mobile apps were narrowed down to 4 mobile apps, through a series of steps involving screening, collaboration of the interprofessional team, information technology expertise input, and mobile app evaluation tools. This article described the steps a research team used to search, screen, and assess mental health mobile apps for integrated primary care patients with depression. This step-bystep guide focused on depression-related apps; however, similar steps and principles identified in this guide can be applied to other health apps. Keywords Depression . Mobile applications . Mental health . Information technology . Primary health care
Introduction Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is one of the most common mental health issues being addressed within primary care settings (The World Health Organization, 2017). Mobile apps, also known as “apps,” which can be used to help people manage their depressive symptoms, are rapidly developing. In 2017, approximately 325,000 mental health– related mobile apps were available in the digital health care market (Research2Guidance, 2017; Schueller, et al., 2018). Despite the proliferation of apps, currently, there are no requirements for developers to demonstrate or publish data on
* Margaret R. Emerson [email protected] 1
University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Nursing, Omaha, NE, USA
2
University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA
3
School of Health & Kinesiology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
the effectiveness and efficacy of apps before they put products on the market. Thus far, only a limited number of healthrelated mobile apps have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
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