Liberation Technology in El Salvador Re-appropriating Social Media a

This ethnographic study explores how four alternative media projects in El Salvador integrated digital technologies—particularly social media—into their practices, and whether incorporating these technologies affected citizen participation not only in the

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Summer Harlow

Liberation Technology in El Salvador Re-appropriating Social Media among Alternative Media Projects

Summer Harlow School of Communication Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida, USA

ISBN 978-3-319-48038-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-48039-8

ISBN 978-3-319-48039-8 (eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017936225 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to urisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover design by Jenny Vong Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

For Ginger, mi tía and so much more

These homilies try to be this people’s voice. They try to be the voice of those who have no voice. And so, without a doubt, they displease those who have too much voice. This poor voice will find echo in those who love the truth and who truly love our dear people. — Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero, 29 July 1979

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I want to acknowledge the generosity, support, and expertise of so many colleagues, friends, and institutions (more than I can name) that I relied upon to write this book. This book, based on my Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Texas at Austin, would not have been possible without the guidance, constructive criticisms, and encouragement of my committee: co-chairs Tom Johnson and Mercedes de Uriarte, and members Rosental Calmon Alves, Joseph Straubhaar, and Laura Stein. I am indebted to them for their advice, insights, and friendship (hook ‘em!). Any shortcomings of this book are my own. I would be remiss if I did not also point out that my introduction to El Salvador, its media, and many of its journalists, is thanks to Rosental Calmon Alves and the Knight Center for Journalism in t