Light Emitting Diodes for Agriculture Smart Lighting
This book presents a comprehensive treatise on the advances in the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for sustainable crop production and describes the latest photomorphogenesis research findings. It introduces readers to the fundamentals and design feat
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Light Emitting Diodes for Agriculture Smart Lighting
Light Emitting Diodes for Agriculture
S. Dutta Gupta Editor
Light Emitting Diodes for Agriculture Smart Lighting
123
Editor S. Dutta Gupta Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
ISBN 978-981-10-5806-6 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5807-3
ISBN 978-981-10-5807-3
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017946641 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Foreword
We are at the beginning of a technological revolution that will have immense long-term impact on all of our lives. The majority of all of the lighting in the world is transitioning from conventional lighting technologies: incandescent, fluorescent, metal-halide, and low- and high-pressure sodium to LED lighting. In the USA., LED lighting technology is projected to reduce the total energy budget, which includes all primary energy consumption, by 5% by 2035. This is a massive energy saving that equates to about $50B per year in energy savings in 2035, not to mention all of the benefits of CO2 reduction associated with this savings. While the initial driver for this shift was improved energy efficiency and resulting energy savings, the value proposition for LED lighting technology has moved well beyond this initial and important benefit. Not only is LED technology more efficient than conventional sources, it is longer lived and can provide improved lighting performance across the board. Due to their improved efficiency, LEDs run cooler reducing thermal load on heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
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