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Lighting for Urban Agriculture

LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture

Toyoki Kozai • Kazuhiro Fujiwara Erik S. Runkle Editors

LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture

Editors Toyoki Kozai Japan Plant Factory Association (NPO) Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Erik S. Runkle Department of Horticulture Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Kazuhiro Fujiwara Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

ISBN 978-981-10-1846-6 ISBN 978-981-10-1848-0 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1848-0

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016957396 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Ms. Tokuko Takano for her editorial assistance and dedication. Thanks are extended to Professors T. Maruo, M. Takagaki, T. Yamaguchi, and Y. Shinohara of Chiba University for their academic guidance, and to K. Yamada, K. Ohshima, and S. Sakaguchi of PlantX Corporation for their technical support. We also appreciate the guidance given by Dr. Mei Hann Lee and Ms. Momoko Asawa of Springer.

v

Contents

Part I

Perspective and Significance of LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture

1

Why LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toyoki Kozai

2

Integrated Urban Controlled Environment Agriculture Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K.C. Ting, Tao Lin, and Paul C. Davidson

19

Open-Source Agriculture Initiative—Food for the Future? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caleb Harper

37

3

Part II

3

Plant Growth and Development as Affected by Light

4

Some Aspects of the Light Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toyoki Kozai and Geng Zhang

5

Light