Lightweight complex metal hydrides for Li-, Na-, and Mg-based batteries
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Lightweight complex metal hydrides for Li-, Na-, and Mg-based batteries Matylda N. Guzik1, Rana Mohtadi2, Sabrina Sartori1,a) 1
Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo, Kjeller, NO-2027, Norway Materials Research Department, Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 20 December 2018; accepted: 13 February 2019
Energy density and safety are the main factors that govern the development of the rechargeable battery technology. Currently, batteries beyond typical Li-ion batteries such as those based on solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) or other active elements (e.g., Na or Mg) are being examined as alternatives. For example, SSEs that would enable stable and reliable operation of all-solid-state Li-, Na-, and Mg-based batteries, with preferably improved capacity, are considered to be one of the most desired inventions. Lightweight complex metal hydrides are a family of solid compounds that were recently discovered to have extraordinary ionic conductivities and, in some cases, electrochemical properties that enabled battery reversibility. Consequently, they have become one of the promising electrolyte materials for future development of electrochemical storage devices. In this work, we present an overview of a wide range of lightweight hydride-based materials that could be used as electrolytes and/or anodes for mono-/divalent batteries and have a pivotal role in the implementation of new technological solutions in the field of electrochemistry.
Introduction Diversification of energy sources and rapidly growing implementation of renewable options worldwide create new challenges for technological energy storage and conversion solutions. From this perspective, materials that would secure effective implementation of future energy strategies are indispensable. This includes discovery of new compounds with enhanced properties, on the one hand, and reinvestigation of new functionalities of already recognized materials, with well known characteristics, on the other hand. Electrochemical energy storage in batteries is one of the most important technological solutions in the new energy paradigm. Over the past several decades, nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH), lead-acid, and Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have triggered a revolution in small personal electronic devices, hybrid, plugin hybrid, and electric vehicles, and in large-scale stationary applications [1]. However, continuous growth in energy demand and shift into the “green” electricity in the global energy landscape require constant progress on the materials side, which is expected to provide prompt answers to the market needs and ensure implementation of appropriate energy storage options.
ª Materials Research Society 2019
The rechargeable LIBs, with reasonably high energy density, reliability, and durability, have become the main players in the commercialized battery technology. A battery consists of two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte. T
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