Sustained-Release Nanocapsules Enable Long-Lasting Stabilization of Li Anode for Practical Li-Metal Batteries
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Cite as Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12:176 Received: 4 June 2020 Accepted: 22 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00514-1
Sustained‑Release Nanocapsules Enable Long‑Lasting Stabilization of Li Anode for Practical Li‑Metal Batteries Qianqian Liu1, Yifei Xu1, Jianghao Wang1, Bo Zhao1, Zijian Li1, Hao Bin Wu1 * * Hao Bin Wu, [email protected] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
1
HIGHLIGHTS • Nanocapsules made from metal–organic frameworks were designed for sustained release of additive ( LiNO3) to passivate Li anode in commercial carbonate-based electrolyte. • The nanocapsules with continuous supply of L iNO3 formed a nitride-rich solid electrolyte interphase layer on Li anode and persistently remedied the interphase during prolonged cycling. • The practical Li-metal full cell delivered a prolonged lifespan with 90% capacity retention after 240 cycles which has been hardly achieved in commercial electrolyte.
ABSTRACT A robust solid-electrolyte
interphase (SEI) enabled by electrolyte addi-
LN
O@
tive is a promising approach to stabilize Li
Electrolyte
M
anode and improve Li cycling efficiency. However, the self-sacrificial nature of SEI
OF
Herein, we demonstrate nanocapsules made
18
stabilize Li anode for long-term cycling.
Å
forming additives limits their capability to
from metal–organic frameworks for sus-
Li+ + NO3− Reduction
tained release of L iNO3 as surface passiva-
tion additive in commercial carbonate-based electrolyte. The nanocapsules can offer over 10 times more L iNO3 than the solubility of
LiNO3. Continuous supply of LiNO3 by nano-
Stable nitride-rich SEI O
N O
O
Li metal
capsules forms a nitride-rich SEI layer on Li
anode and persistently remedies SEI during prolonged cycling. As a result, lifespan of thin Li anode in 50 μm, which experiences drastic volume change and repeated SEI formation during cycling, has been notably improved. By pairing with an industry-level thick L iCoO2
cathode, practical Li-metal full cell demonstrates a remarkable capacity retention of 90% after 240 cycles, in contrast to fast capacity drop after 60 cycles in LiNO3 saturated electrolyte. KEYWORDS Metal–organic frameworks; LiNO3; Nanocapsules; Lithium-metal anode; Lithium-metal batteries
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1 Introduction Li-metal batteries (LMBs) have attracted great attention in recent years due to the much improved energy density enabled by the use of Li-metal anode (LMA). However, Li dendrites growth and low Li cycling efficiency result in quick failure of the electrode and safety hazards [1–4]. Moreover, a prerequisite of high-energy-density LMBs is the successful adaptation of thin LMA with limited Li, which requires effective methods to improve the Columbic efficiency (CE) of LMA [3, 5, 6]. Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is undoubtedly the key for durable LMA. A mechanically and chemically robust SEI layer with high ionic conduct
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