Lignin as a Coating and Curing Agent on Biodegradable Epoxy Resins
Epoxy resin has been widely used as a coating agent within the food, aerospace, automotive, and electronics industries. However, these materials obtained from petrochemical industry cause problems related to environmental impact. In this sense, ecological
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Lignin as a Coating and Curing Agent on Biodegradable Epoxy Resins Chikako Asada, Sholahuddin, and Yoshitoshi Nakamura
Abstract Epoxy resin has been widely used as a coating agent within the food, aerospace, automotive, and electronics industries. However, these materials obtained from petrochemical industry cause problems related to environmental impact. In this sense, ecological epoxy resins from biodegradable natural polymers have been proposed as an alternative. Lignin is a biodegradable polymer obtained from unused plant biomass (agricultural waste or byproduct), and its use is less promising than cellulose for the manufacture of bioethanol. This chapter aims to analyze recent advances in studies of epoxy resin made from lignin. Keywords Biopolymers · Films
9.1 Introduction The epoxy resin is the important thermosetting resin in the industrial sector, being used for many products such as coating agents for food and beverage cans, electronic and composite industries, automobiles as well as in the aerospace industry because they have valuable properties, such as high thermal and chemical resistance, low moisture absorption and good electrical and mechanical properties (May 1988; Ellis 1993). Since epichlorohydrin (ECH) and bisphenol A are used as epoxy resin raw materials derived from fossil resources, and considering that these substances are suspected of having an endocrine disruptive effect as well as other concerns such as carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reprotoxicity (Markaverich et al. 1995). Therefore, the development of an alternative raw material to the epoxy resin is desired as a coating material. To support the sustainable development goals C. Asada (*) · Y. Nakamura (*) Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Sholahuddin Graduated School of Life and Material System Engineering, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 T. J. Gutiérrez (ed.), Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43403-8_9
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(SDGs) and encourage sustainable industry (United Nations Climate Change Conference 2015), many researchers have studied in recent decades on the synthesis of biobased epoxy resins (Raquez et al. 2010). In this sense, oils have been considered as interesting multifunctional materials in the synthesis of thermosetting materials (Crivello et al. 1997; Vlcek and Petrovic 2006; Goud et al. 2007; Zeleke and Ayana 2017). Acetone soluble lignin from white poplar (Asada et al. 2018), green tea tannins (Benyahya et al. 2014), itaconic acid (Ma et al. 2013), liquefied wood (Kishi et al. 2011) and methanol soluble lignin from moso bamboo (Sasaki et al. 2013; Asada et al. 2015a) have also been used as biobased raw materials to synthesize epoxy resins. Biobased epoxy resins have shown interesting thermal and mechanical properties, comparable to those synthesized from bisphenol A. Plant biomass can thus be an excellent
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