Lignocellulosic Composite Materials

This book comprehensively summarizes important aspects of research in the active field of lignocellulosic (polymer) composites, including polymer materials from or containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It describes how these materials can be pro

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Susheel Kalia Editor

Lignocellulosic Composite Materials

Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials Series editor Susheel Kalia, Dehradun, India

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13173

Susheel Kalia Editor

Lignocellulosic Composite Materials

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Editor Susheel Kalia Army Cadet College Wing Indian Military Academy Dehradun India

ISSN 2364-1878 ISSN 2364-1886 (electronic) Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials ISBN 978-3-319-68695-0 ISBN 978-3-319-68696-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68696-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017954285 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

Lignocellulosic materials refer to the organic matter produced by trees, shrubs, and agricultural crops and are major feedstock for the pulp & paper industry, composite industry and packaging material. Renewable sources of lignocellulosic materials are natural fibers, agricultural residues and forest products. These agricultural wastes and forest feedstocks are sufficiently abundant and generate very low net greenhouse emissions. Forest wood products contain more lignin and less ash content, which makes them attractive to cost-effective transportation in comparison to agricultural residues. Lignocellulosics are being used in food packaging, composites and textile industries due to their advantages over other traditional materials which include low cost, renewability, non-toxicity, biodegradability etc. Lignocellulosic biomass is a main raw material for many industrial processes, but it usually displays a very poor microbial and moisture r