Lipid components as a measure of nutritional condition in fish larvae ( Pleuragramma antarcticum ) in East Antarctica
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Lipid components as a measure of nutritional condition in fish larvae (Pleuragramma antarcticum) in East Antarctica Carolina Giraldo • Patrick Mayzaud • Eric Tavernier • Jean-Olivier Irisson • Florian Penot • Jonathan Becciu • Ame´lie Chartier • Marc Boutoute • Philippe Koubbi
Received: 21 August 2012 / Accepted: 26 November 2012 / Published online: 11 December 2012 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Abstract Pleuragramma antarcticum is a key component of the neritic assemblages in the Antarctic coastal waters. Larvae of this species were sampled from 2008 to 2011 in the Dumont d’Urville Sea (East Antarctica). The lipid class composition [triacylglycerols (TAG), cholesterol (Chol) and polar lipids (PL)] of larvae was measured to assess the larval condition. The total amount of lipids was linearly related to the quantity of structural polar lipids, suggesting that growth is favored over lipid storage. The TAG:Chol ratio showed interannual variability in the condition of fish larvae, probably related to prey availability. Nevertheless, the essential fatty acids composition of polar lipids illustrates that larvae with low levels of TAG:Chol could be either growing or under starvation. Only the combination of a low TAG:Chol ratio and low polar lipids content, which can also be mobilized during starvation periods, allowed identification of larvae in poor condition. This lipid condition index should be of great assistance to Communicated by M. A. Peck. C. Giraldo P. Mayzaud J.-O. Irisson F. Penot J. Becciu A. Chartier P. Koubbi Laboratoire d’Oce´anographie de Villefranche, UPMC Universite´ Paris 06, UMR 7093, BP 28, 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France C. Giraldo P. Mayzaud J.-O. Irisson F. Penot J. Becciu M. Boutoute P. Koubbi (&) CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, BP 28, 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France e-mail: [email protected] E. Tavernier Universite´ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France E. Tavernier ULCO, LOG, 32 Avenue Foch, 62930 Wimereux, France
evaluate the probability of survival of P. antarcticum larvae in long-term monitoring. It has widespread applicability and should also be useful in the diagnosis of nutritional condition in other species.
Introduction In Antarctic, the quantification of the stock–recruitment relationships remains a difficult problem in fish ecology. One of the reasons is that early life stages, as a critical part of the life history of fishes, are still underexplored (Cushing and Horwood 1994). Predictions of recruitment success using fish larvae abundance alone assume that all individuals have the same probability of surviving. However, while it is well recognized that the outcome of the larval stage clearly impacts recruitment (Doherty and Williams 1988; Hjort 1914), the hypothesis relating recruitment directly to larval abundance alone is an oversimplification. To understand recruitment variability, it is necessary to study the factors that determine survival during the early life stages. The two major sources of larval mortality are starvation a
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