Study of trace elements in the surface snow for impact monitoring in Vecherny Oasis, East Antarctica
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Study of trace elements in the surface snow for impact monitoring in Vecherny Oasis, East Antarctica Sergey Kakareka & Tamara Kukharchyk Peter Kurman
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Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The results of surface snow monitoring in Vecherny Oasis, Thala Hills, East Antarctica, for evaluation of Belarusian Antarctic Station environmental impact are presented. Snow samples from the depth up to 15–20 cm were collected during 4–5th and 7–10th seasonal Belarusian Antarctic expeditions in the period from 2012 to 2018. Chemical-analytical study and determination of Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Th, Tl, V, U, and Zn content were performed using ISP-MS method. Altogether 85 snow samples were analyzed. High Highlights - Significant spatial variability of trace elements content in the surface snow of Vecherny Oasis. - Sb, Se, As, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mo, V, and Pb are in the list of pollutants. - Influence of local anthropogenic sources due to past and current activities. - Surface snow sampling is a cost-effective method to monitor human activity impact according to the Annex 1 to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08682-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. Kakareka : T. Kukharchyk (*) Laboratory of Transboundary Pollution, Institute for Nature Management, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Skoriny st., 10, 220076 Minsk, Belarus e-mail: [email protected] P. Kurman Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Methods, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevicha st., 2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
spatial variability of trace elements content in the surface snow and differences between human impacted and non-impacted areas are shown. The elevated average content of trace elements in surface snow within the human impacted areas in comparison with ice sheet has been revealed. Based on the concentration of elements and EFc, the anthropogenic origin of Sb, Se, As, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mo, V, and Pb in the surface snow were suggested. Contribution of local sources of trace elements is considered to be more important for Vecherny Oasis than their regional or transboundary transfers. The development of guidelines for unified procedure of snow sampling for the goal of local impact monitoring in Antarctica would be useful for data comparison across Antarctic. Keywords Surface snow . Trace elements . Monitoring . Human activity . Enderby Land
Introduction Investigation of trace elements in surface snow and ice of Antarctica is of great interest as it provides valuable data about chemical composition of atmospheric air and aerosols fallout as well as historical and current climate changes (Grotti et al. 2011; Laluraj et al. 2013). The snow and ice of the cleanest continent on the planet is used to estimate the effects of lo
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