Lipid Keratopathy: A Review of Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Management
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REVIEW
Lipid Keratopathy: A Review of Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Management MacGregor N. Hall . Majid Moshirfar
. Armaan Amin-Javaheri .
Dean P. Ouano . Yasmyne Ronquillo . Phillip C. Hoopes
Received: August 19, 2020 / Accepted: September 28, 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
ABSTRACT Lipid keratopathy is a disease in which fat deposits accumulate in the cornea, leading to opacification and decrease of visual acuity. This condition can be idiopathic without signs of previous corneal disease or secondary to ocular or systemic diseases. Lipid keratopathy is usually associated with abnormal vascularization of the cornea, and the lipid classically deposits adjacent to these vessels. Treatment of this condition usually aims to eliminate or prevent
abnormal vessel formation, and several modalities have been described. In this review we summarize the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of lipid keratopathy and describe current and emerging treatment regimens.
Keywords: Angiogenesis; Corneal neovascularization; Lipid deposition; Lipid keratopathy; VEGF Key Summary Points
M. N. Hall McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA M. Moshirfar (&) Y. Ronquillo P. C. Hoopes Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT, USA e-mail: [email protected] M. Moshirfar Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA M. Moshirfar Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, UT, USA A. Amin-Javaheri University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA D. P. Ouano Coastal Eye Clinic, New Bern, NC, USA
Lipid keratopathy (LK) is a disease characterized by lipid deposition in the cornea, most commonly secondary to corneal neovascularization. Corneal neovascularization is the growth of new blood vessels and lymphatic vessels into previously avascular areas of the cornea and can result from ocular trauma, inflammation, or infection. Lipid keratopathy can be distinguished from other causes of ocular lipid deposition by the presence of neovascularization and characteristic pathologic findings.
Ophthalmol Ther
Secondary LK typically presents unilaterally with cream-colored opacification adjacent to neovascularization, while idiopathic LK is usually bilateral. Various pharmacologic and surgical methods have been described in the treatment of LK; however, high costs, risk of recurrence, and treatment complications limit the clinical utility of many of the current regimens.
DIGITAL FEATURES This article is published with digital features, including a summary slide, to facilitate understanding of the article. To view digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.12988532.
INTRODUCTION Lipid keratopathy (LK) is characterized by the opacification of the cornea due to lipid deposition. LK may be idiopathic, with no evidence of systemic or local disease, or secondary due to ocular infection, inflammation, or trauma. Most commonl
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