Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications
- PDF / 217,799 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.28 x 793.7 pts Page_size
- 78 Downloads / 206 Views
NANO REVIEW
Open Access
Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications Abolfazl Akbarzadeh1*, Rogaie Rezaei-Sadabady1,2, Soodabeh Davaran1, Sang Woo Joo5*, Nosratollah Zarghami1*, Younes Hanifehpour5, Mohammad Samiei3, Mohammad Kouhi4 and Kazem Nejati-Koshki1
Abstract Liposomes, sphere-shaped vesicles consisting of one or more phospholipid bilayers, were first described in the mid60s. Today, they are a very useful reproduction, reagent, and tool in various scientific disciplines, including mathematics and theoretical physics, biophysics, chemistry, colloid science, biochemistry, and biology. Since then, liposomes have made their way to the market. Among several talented new drug delivery systems, liposomes characterize an advanced technology to deliver active molecules to the site of action, and at present, several formulations are in clinical use. Research on liposome technology has progressed from conventional vesicles to ‘second-generation liposomes’, in which long-circulating liposomes are obtained by modulating the lipid composition, size, and charge of the vesicle. Liposomes with modified surfaces have also been developed using several molecules, such as glycolipids or sialic acid. This paper summarizes exclusively scalable techniques and focuses on strengths, respectively, limitations in respect to industrial applicability and regulatory requirements concerning liposomal drug formulations based on FDA and EMEA documents. Keywords: Liposomes, Glycolipids, Drug formulations, Drug delivery systems
Review Introduction
Liposomes are small artificial vesicles of spherical shape that can be created from cholesterol and natural nontoxic phospholipids. Due to their size and hydrophobic and hydrophilic character(besides biocompatibility), liposomes are promising systems for drug delivery. Liposome properties differ considerably with lipid composition, surface charge, size, and the method of preparation (Table 1). Furthermore, the choice of bilayer components determines the ‘rigidity’ or ‘fluidity’ and the charge of the bilayer. For instance, unsaturated phosphatidylcholine species from natural sources (egg or soybean phosphatidylcholine) give much more permeable and less stable bilayers, whereas the saturated phospholipids with long acyl chains (for example,
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; zarghami@ tbzmed.ac.ir 1 Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran 5 School of Mechanical Engineering, WCU Nanoresearch Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
dipalmitoylphos phatidylcholine) form a rigid, rather impermeable bilayer structure [1-3]. It has been displayed that phospholipids impulsively form closed structures when they are hydrated in aqueous solutions. Such vesicles which have one or more phospholipid bilayer membranes can transport aqueous or lipid drugs, depending on the nature of those drug
Data Loading...
