Liver Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine

Liver Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine emphasizes all aspects of this broad and important area and is the definitive textbook for anybody involved in the perioperative care of liver patients. The book is divided into three sections: Physiology an

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Gebhard Wagener Editor

Liver Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine

Editor Gebhard Wagener, MD Departments of Anesthesiology College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University New York, NY, USA

ISBN 978-1-4614-5166-2 ISBN 978-1-4614-5167-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-5167-9 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012952010 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To Laurie, Ben, and Anna, who allow me to enjoy life and work, and to my parents, who contributed so much to what I am.

Foreword

Liver transplantation has made remarkable progress in the 48 years since the first human liver transplant, and especially in the last 30 years since the introduction of cyclosporine made long-term survival after liver transplantation feasible. A procedure that was initially untested and experimental became routine and is now the accepted treatment for end-stage liver disease in many parts of the world. About 6,000 liver transplants are done in the USA every year, and graft and patient survival is excellent. We are able to administer transplants to children, do living related and split liver transplants, and only the shortage of organs limits the expansion of our f