Local control of protein binding and cell adhesion by patterned organic thin films
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REVIEW
Local control of protein binding and cell adhesion by patterned organic thin films Frank Meiners & Inka Plettenberg & Julia Witt & Britta Vaske & Andreas Lesch & Izabella Brand & Gunther Wittstock
Received: 5 October 2012 / Revised: 8 January 2013 / Accepted: 14 January 2013 / Published online: 15 February 2013 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Control of the cell adhesion and growth on chemically patterned surfaces is important in an increasing number of applications in biotechnology and medicine, for example implants, in-vitro cellular assays, and biochips. This review covers patterning techniques for organic thin films suitable for site-directed guidance of cell adhesion to surfaces. Available surface patterning techniques are critically evaluated, with special emphasis on surface chemistry that can be switched in time and space during cultivation of cells. Examples from the authors’ laboratory include the use of cell-repellent selfassembled monolayers (SAM) terminated by oligoethylene glycol (OEG) units and the lifting of the cell repellent properties by use of electrogenerated Br2/HOBr which can be Published in the topical collection Bioelectroanalysis with guest editors Nicolas Plumeré, Magdalena Gebala, and Wolfgang Schuhmann. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-013-6748-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. F. Meiners : I. Plettenberg : J. Witt : B. Vaske : A. Lesch : I. Brand : G. Wittstock Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center of Interface Science, Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany G. Wittstock (*) Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Center of Interface Science, Institut für Reine und Angewandte Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Present Address: A. Lesch Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
performed with positionable microelectrodes. Structural changes of the SAM were analyzed by polarizationmodulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM IRRAS). Use of a soft array system of individually addressable microelectrodes enables formation of flexible and complex patterns in a short time and has the potential for further acceleration of probe-induced local manipulation of cell adhesion. Keywords Cell adhesion . Scanning electrochemical microscopy . Surface modification . Self assembled monolayers . Multielectrode probes Abbreviations μCP Microcontact printing μFN Microfluidic networks AFM Atomic force microscopy/microscope ATRP Atom transfer radical polymerization CLSM Confocal laser scanning microscopy/microscope DMAEMA 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate D-OEG Deuterated oligo(ethylene glycol) DPN Dip-pen nanolithography DsRed Red fluorescent protein ECM Extracellular matrix ECSTM Electrochemical scanning tunneling microsco
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