Local Protocol for Management of Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm (LAMN)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Local Protocol for Management of Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm (LAMN) Mohamed Boshnaq 1,2
&
Mohamed Toeima 3 & Ayman Hamade 1 & Nipin Bagla 4
Received: 21 February 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 # Indian Association of Surgical Oncology 2020
Abstract The management and surveillance of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a confusing topic in the colorectal MDM. This study was aiming to provide a local protocol for our trust for such cases. From prospectively maintained database, patients who underwent appendicectomy between 2011 and 2017 were identified. Those with histological confirmation of LAMN were included. Retrospective analysis of operative notes, investigations and followup, return to theatres or development of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) was performed. Four thousand six hundred twenty-eight patients had appendicectomy; 36 were diagnosed with LAMN. Age range was 30–88 (20 females). Fifteen had their operation as emergency and 13 elective, either for abnormal-looking appendix on CT scan or as part of elective right hemicolectomy. In 8 patients, LAMNs were diagnosed incidentally during other surgery either intraoperatively or on histology. Two patients had mucus in the peritoneal cavity (not sampled). The remaining 34 had either contained mucocele or inflamed appendix. Regarding follow-up, 28 patients had CT scans only, and 2 had ultrasound scan (USS). Two had both CT and USS. Three had CT and MRI scans. One patient did not have radiological investigations. Eighteen patients had colonoscopies (50%). Three patients had no follow-up, while 33 had 5-year follow-up. Ten patients are still currently under follow-up. None of the 36 patients required further surgeries related to LAMN, and none has developed PMP to date of the study. We have developed a local protocol based on our findings and literature review for management and surveillance of LAMN in line with national centres. Keywords Appendiceal . Mucinous . Neoplasm . Management . Follow-up
Introduction Appendiceal tumours are rare, representing less than 1% of all appendicectomy specimens [1]. They can be generally divided into neuroendocrine and epithelial tumours. The term
* Mohamed Boshnaq [email protected] 1
Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation trust, St Peters road, Margate CT9 4AN, UK
2
Department of General Surgery, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
3
Department of General Surgery, William Harvey Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation trust, Ashford, UK
4
Department of Pathology, William Harvey Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation trust, Ashford, UK
“carcinoid” has generally applied to neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) originating in the digestive tract, lung, or rare primary sites, such as the kidneys or ovaries. As with other intestinal NETs, those arising in the appendix can secrete serotonin and other vasoactive substances that are responsible for the carcinoid syndro
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