Localization of neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase, serotonin and/or FMRFamide in the central nervous system o
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Localization of neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase, serotonin and/or FMRFamide in the central nervous system of the decapod shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus Elena Kotsyuba1 · Vyacheslav Dyachuk1 Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although it is now established that neurons in crustacea contain multiple transmitter substances, little is know about patterns of expression and co-expression or about the functional effects of such co-transmission. The present study was designed to characterize the distributions and potential colocalization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), serotonin (5-HT) and neuropeptide H-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) in the central nervous system (CNS) of the Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus using immunohistochemical analyses in combination with laser scanning confocal microscopy. ChAT was found to be expressed by small, medium-sized, and large neurons in all regions of the brain and ventral nerve cord (VNC). For the most part, ChAT, FMRFamide, and 5-HT are expressed in different neurons, although some colocalization of ChAT- with FMRFamide- or 5-HT-LIR is observed in small and medium-sized cells, mostly neurons that immunostain only weakly. In the brain, such double immunolabeling is observed primarily in neurons of the protocerebrum and, to a particularly great extent, in local olfactory interneurons of the deutocerebrum. The clusters of neurons in the VNC that stain most intensely for ChAT, FMRFamide, and 5-HT, with colocalization in some cases, are located in the subesophageal ganglia. This colocalization appears to be related to function, since it is present in regions of the CNS characterized by multiple afferent projections and outputs to a variety of functionally related centers involved in various physiological and behavioral processes. Further elucidation of the functional significance of these neurons and of the widespread process of co-transmission in the crustaceans should provide fascinating new insights. Keywords Neurotransmitters · Neuropeptides · Transmission · Neuroanatomy · Brain · Ventral nerve cord · Crustaceans Abbreviations AMPN Anterior medial protocerebral neuropil PMPN Posterior medial protocerebral neuropil PB Protocerebral bridge neuropil CB Central body neuropil LAN Lateral antenna I neuropil MAN Medial antenna I neuropil OGT Olfactory globular tract ON Olfactory neuropil (olfactory lobe)
ANN Antenna II neuropil, cell clusters 6, 9, 11, 16, 17 PT Protocerebral tract COC Circumesophageal connectives DLC Dorsolateral cluster VMC Ventro-medial cluster T1–T5 Neuropils of the thoracic ganglion SN 1–5 Segmental nerves TA Thoracic artery ABN The abdominal nerve
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03309-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Introduction
* Vyacheslav Dyachuk [email protected] 1
A.V. Zhirmunsky Nation
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