Long-distance dispersal of wolves in the Dauria ecoregion
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Long-distance dispersal of wolves in the Dauria ecoregion Anastasia Kirilyuk 1,2
&
Vadim E. Kirilyuk 2,3
&
Rong Ke 1
Received: 11 December 2019 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 # Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland 2020
Abstract Using remote tracking (GPS+GSM module) we documented long-distance natal dispersals of two yearling wolves (Canis lupus) from The Daursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Russia. From the arithmetic center of natal home ranges the collared male and female traveled the straight-line natal dispersal distance of 280 km and 332.8 km, over 82 days and 34 days, respectively. Minimum distances of the entire tracking period were 3090.7 km (male) and 2056.7 km (female); the estimated actual travel distance of the entire tracking period was 9849 km and 4530 km, respectively. The travel speed of the wolves varied between phases (pre-dispersal, dispersal, and post-dispersal) and movement patterns (directional, nondirectional, and cluster). The mean travel speed of both wolves was the highest during dispersing (34.6 and 39.5 km/day), calculated as a minimum distance. It was one of the highest dispersal speeds among reported. The highest hourly mean travel speed was during pre-dispersing at dawn, moving directly (the male, 5.77 ± 4.25 km/h; the female, 4.09 ± 2.44 km/h). During pre-dispersing forays they returned several times to their home territories. During dispersal, yearlings crossed at least 5 territories of other packs. Wolves explored the steppe and forest-steppe in less modified habitats of the Russian part of the Dauria ecoregion and in the human-dominated Chinese part of the ecoregion. Keywords Canis lupus . Long-range movement . Daursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve . Wolf
Introduction Dispersal is the primary way that maturing young gray wolves (Canis lupus lupus) potentially colonize new areas and maintain population genetic diversity (Fuller et al. 2003). Different aspects of gray wolf dispersal have been studied extensively in North America (Gese and Mech 1991; Boyd and Pleischer 1999; Fuller et al. 2003; Mech and Boitani 2003; Musiani et al. 2007; Treves * Rong Ke [email protected] Anastasia Kirilyuk [email protected] Vadim E. Kirilyuk [email protected] 1
College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, 26, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
2
Daursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Komsomolskaya st., 76, Nizhniy Tsasuchey, Onosky District, Zabaikalsky Krai 674480, Russia
3
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninskiy Av., 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
et al. 2009; Jimenez et al. 2017) and in Europe (Wabakken et al. 2001, 2007; Linnell et al. 2005; Kojola et al. 2006; Blanco and Cortes 2007; Ciucci et al. 2009; Andersen et al. 2015; Byrne et al. 2018), but very limited information is available for North-East Asia, except of fragmented information from wolf dispersal research in China (Duan et al. 2016) and in the Gobi in Mongolia (Kaczensky et al. 2008; Joly et al. 2019). Wolves
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