Recovery of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region of the United States
The western Great Lakes region of the United States is the only portion of the lower 48 states where wolves were never completely extirpated. This region contains the areas where many of the first modern concepts of wolf conservation and research were dev
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Adrian P. Wydeven Timothy R. Van Deelen
•
Edward J. Heske
Editors
Recovery of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region of the United States An Endangered Species Success Story
Editors Adrian P. Wydeven Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Park Falls, WI 54452 USA
Timothy R. Van Deelen Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin – Madison Madison, WI 53706 USA
Edward J. Heske Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign, IL 61821 USA
ISBN: 978-0-387-85951-4 e-ISBN: 978-0-387-85952-1 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-85952-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008940849 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com
We dedicate this book to Pamela Sue Troxell (January 8, 1959–November 9, 2007). Pam Troxell coordinated the Timber Wolf Alliance, Ashland, WI from 1994 until her untimely death in 2007. Pam worked not only to educate people about wolves and wolf conservation but also had a great gift for bringing people together over wolves and other environmental issues. In April 2007, Pam was honored with the Silver Eagle Award given by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and in May 2007 she and her coworkers received the USFWS’s Cooperative Conservation Award for their efforts at promoting the recovery of gray wolves in the Great Lakes region. We are grateful for having known Pam and for her love of life, people, wolves, and wild places, and we thank her for helping to make the recovery of this species successful.
Preface
In this book, we document and evaluate the recovery of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in the Great Lakes region of the United States. The Great Lakes region is unique in that it was the only portion of the lower 48 states where wolves were never completely extirpated. This region also contains the area where many of the first modern concepts of wolf conservation and research where developed. Early proponents of wolf conservation such as Aldo Leopold, Sigurd Olson, and Durward Allen lived and worked in the region. The longest ongoing research on wolf–prey relations (see Vucetich and Peterson, Chap. 3) and the first use of radio telemetry for studying wolves (see Mech, Chap. 2) occurred in the Great Lakes region. The Great Lakes region is the first place in the United States where “Endangered” wolf populations recovered. All
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