LoPoFly: Location and Positioning Optimization for Flying Networks
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LoPoFly: Location and Positioning Optimization for Flying Networks Giovanna Garcia1
· Ana Cristina K. Vendramin1
· Hermes I. Del Monego1
· Anelise Munaretto1
Received: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 31 March 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In areas that demand short-term Internet connectivity, like events and mobile offices, it is not feasible to have a permanent wireless Internet infrastructure. To provide broadband Internet access to temporary clients, we propose the use of flying networks. These networks need to be carefully managed, mainly due to the limitation on their nodes’ battery capacity. Considering these issues, we introduce a new Location and Positioning Optimization Technique for Flying Networks (LoPoFly). LoPoFly includes two modules: (i) location that uses the Deterministic Annealing (DA) metaheuristic to find a location where a flying node is required based on client distribution and (ii) positioning that manages relocation and exchange of flying nodes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach that employs the DA metaheuristic to manage the flying networks covering restrictions related to energy, replacement, communication, and mobility together. Through simulations, we analyze the performance of LoPoFly in two different mobility scenarios. The results show that in both scenarios, LoPoFly mitigates the number of required flying nodes, even serving a higher number of clients. Keywords Deterministic annealing · Unmanned aerial vehicles · Facility location · Positioning · Optimization
1 Introduction The wide dissemination of mobile devices and the growing need to access the Internet anywhere and anytime have led to the development of applications with high bandwidth requirements. All these requirements are beyond the capacity of cellular networks. Concerning this issue, new technologies to handle voice, data, and video traffic become necessary [7, 25]. Another characteristic of the Internet evolution is the ability of clients to be connected while moving. This ability is becoming a challenging problem due to the speed that those clients can achieve. While in a driving car, there could be people trying to be connected. While riding a bicycle or running, there will be people that want to track their location and health data. While on a bus or train, they need to be
This study was financed in part by the Coordenac¸a˜ o de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de N´ıvel Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. Anelise Munaretto
[email protected] 1
Federal University of Technology-Paran´a (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
updated about the news, daily temperature, and business information [25, 52]. Moreover there are places where a large and variable number of people gather in a small area for a short time. These scenarios, like events and moving offices, are characterized by a high density of mobile devices that demand short-term Internet connectivity. In those places, it is not feasible to have a permanent wireless broadband Internet infrastructure to handle a sporadic and hi
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