Macrophage inhibits the osteogenesis of fibroblasts in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particle-in
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(2019) 14:80
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Macrophage inhibits the osteogenesis of fibroblasts in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particleinduced osteolysis Pengfei Lei1, Zixun Dai2, Yu Shrike Zhang3, Hua Liu4,5,6, Wanting Niu7,8, Kun Li1, Long Wang1, Yihe Hu1 and Jie Xie1*
Abstract Background: In the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) prosthetic environment, fibroblasts affected by wear particles have the capacity of osteogenesis to reduce osteolysis. We aimed to assess the effects of macrophages on the osteogenic capability of fibroblasts treated with UHMWPE wear particles. Methods: The effect of different concentrations of UHMWPE (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/ml, respectively) on macrophage proliferation were validated by MTT assay to determine the optimum one. The fibroblasts viability was further determined in the co-culture system of UHMWPE particles and macrophage supernatants. The experiment was designed as seven groups: (A) fibroblasts only; (B) fibroblasts + 1 mg/ml UHMWPE particles; and (C1–C5) fibroblasts + 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and 1/1 supernatants of macrophage cultures stimulated by 1 mg/ml UHMWPE particles vs. fibroblast complete media, respectively. Alizarin red staining was used to detect calcium accumulation. The expression levels of osteogenic proteins were detected by Western blot and ELISA, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN). Results: The concentration of 0.1 mg/ml was considered as the optimum concentration for macrophage proliferation due to the survival rate and was highest among the four concentrations. Fibroblast viability was better in the group of fibroblasts + 1/16 ratio of macrophage supernatants stimulated by 1 mg/ml of UHMWPE particles than the other groups (1:8, 1:4, 1:2, 1:1). ALP and OCN expressions were significantly decreased in the group of fibroblasts + 1/4, 1/2, and 1/1 supernatants stimulated by 1 mg/ml of UHMWPE particles compared with other groups (1/8, 1/16) and the group of fibroblasts + 1 mg/ml UHMWPE (p < 0.5). Conclusions: Macrophages are potentially involved in the periprosthetic osteolysis by reducing the osteogenic capability of fibroblasts treated with wear particles generated from UHMWPE materials in total hip arthroplasty. Keywords: Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, Wear particles, Fibroblast, Macrophage, Osteogenesis, Osteolysis
Introduction Periprosthetic osteolysis provoking aseptic loosening of the implant results in the failure of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and boosts a requirement of revision surgery [1]. Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been widely used as prosthesis materials for total joint replacements due to its excellent biocompatibility, * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
low friction coefficient, and corrosion resistance properties [2]. Wear-generat
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