Treatment of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Inhibits Systemic Inflammation and Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injur
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Treatment of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Inhibits Systemic Inflammation and Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats Zheng-Gang Luan,1,3 Mendsaikhan Naranpurev,2 and Xiao-Chun Ma1
Abstract—To determine whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is able to reduce pulmonary inflammation and improve the survival in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Rat ALI model was reproduced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into tail vein. Rats were divided randomly into three groups: control group, ALI group, LMWH-treated group. Blood was collected and lung tissue was harvested at the designated time points for analysis. The lung specimens were harvested for morphological studies, streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry examination. Lung tissue edema was evaluated by tissue water content. The levels of lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined. Meanwhile, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein levels in the lung were studied. In survival studies, a separate group of rats were treated with LMWH or sterile saline after LPS administration. Then, the mortality was recorded. Treatment with LMWH after ALI was associated with a reduction in the severity of LPS-induced lung injury. Treatment with LMWH significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, HMGB1 and ICAM-1 in the lung of ALI rats. Similarly, treatment with LMWH dramatically diminished LPS-induced neutrophil sequestration and markedly reduced the enhanced lung permeability. In the present study, LMWH administration inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the lung. Survival was significantly higher among the LMWH-treated group compared with the ALI group. These data suggest that LMWH attenuates inflammation and prevents lethality in endotoxemic rats. KEY WORDS: low molecular weight heparin; acute lung injury; inflammation; survival.
INTRODUCTION The pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains obscure and has not been fully elucidated hitherto. It is generally accepted that ALI in essence 1
Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China 2 Department of Intensive Care Unit, The State Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China. E-mail: [email protected] ABBREVIATIONS: ALI, acute lung injury; HMGB1, high mobility group box 1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
is an excessive, uncontrolled inflammatory response within the lung [1]. Despite extensive investigation of strat
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