Macrophage plays important role in cortisol and serotonin induced adipogenesis in vitro
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Macrophage plays important role in cortisol and serotonin induced adipogenesis in vitro Dipanjan Guha 1,2 & Raktim Mukherjee 2 & Palok Aich 2 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 / Editor: Tetsuji Okamoto # The Society for In Vitro Biology 2020
Abstract Psychological stress is an important cause to induce various metabolic disorders such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders by affecting the visceral adipose tissue. Pathophysiology of these diseases is often accompanied by the hyperactive immune system. The hyperactive immune system causes immune cells to infiltrate in the adipose tissue to increase the severity of metabolic disorders and to affect the levels of stress associated hormones, such as cortisol and serotonin. Cortisol and serotonin, alone or together, could regulate several aspects of the metabolic and immunological deregulations by manipulating the lipid accumulation or adipogenesis in cells. During adipogenesis, macrophages are recruited. Previous reports from the Aich laboratory established the roles of cortisol and serotonin to influence adipogenesis in pre-adipocytes 3T3-L1 in the presence and absence of macrophages. In the current study, we reported the role of macrophage RAW264.7, especially its polarized states, on differentiated murine adipocytes 3T3-L1 in the presence or absence of cortisol and serotonin. The current study also compares the differential role of macrophage recruitment on pre- and differentiated adipocytes. Keywords Cortisol . Serotonin . In vitro . Adipogenesis . Macrophage polarization
Introduction Chronic psychological stress is the leading cause of several life-threatening disorders associated with various metabolic and immune dysfunctions (Hidaka 2012). While stress can be an adaptive mechanism to fight deleterious environmental conditions, it can also make an individual susceptible to develop physiological disorders (Schneiderman et al. 2005). To combat vulnerability associated with stress, various mechanisms are adapted by the body where stress hormones play an important role (Priyadarshini and Aich 2012). Elevated levels of stress hormones are instrumental in releasing prime Dipanjan Guha and Raktim Mukherjee contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-020-00482-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Palok Aich [email protected] 1
Present address: S.N. Bose Innovation Centre, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
2
School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India
adipokines as a sequela of adipogenesis (Priyadarshini et al. 2018a). These adipokines have diverse functions, among which most prominent functions involve immune activation via macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue (Ziegler et al. 2019). The infiltrated macrophages later become aggressive and start developing va
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