Magnetic and Electric Manipulation of a Single Cell in Fluid
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Magnetic and Electric Manipulation of a Single Cell in Fluid Hakho Lee, Tom P. Hunt, and Robert M. Westervelt Department of Physics and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Magnetic and electric manipulation of a single cell in a microfluidic channel was demonstrated using a microelectromagnet matrix and a micropost matrix. The microelectromagnet matrix is two perpendicular arrays of straight wires that are separated and topped by insulating layers. The micropost matrix is an array of post-shaped electrodes embedded in an insulting layer. By controlling the current in each wire of the microelectromagnet matrix or the voltage on each electrode of the micropost matrix, versatile magnetic or electric fields were created on micrometer length scales, controlling the motion of individual cells in fluid. Single or multiple yeast cells attached to magnetic beads were trapped and moved by the microelectromagnet matrix; a single yeast cell was directly trapped and moved by the micropost matrix.
INTRODUCTION Trapping and moving a single cell in fluid is an important task in biological and biomedical studies. Using optical or fluidic methods, various manipulation tools have been implemented to control the motion of biological cells in fluid [1-3]. In this paper, we report two types of manipulation systems, a microelectromagnet matrix and a micropost matrix, that use magnetic and electric fields respectively to manipulate individual cells in fluid. The microelectromagnet matrix consists of multiple layers of lithographically defined conducting wires separated by insulting layers [4]. By sending currents through the wires, the matrix produces strong, localized magnetic field patterns for noninvasive microscopic manipulation of biological cells attached to magnetic beads. The micropost matrix consists of an array of post-shaped electrodes embedded in an insulating layer [5]. With different voltages on neighboring electrodes, the micropost matrix generates highly non-uniform electric fields, trapping target samples by inducing electric dipole moments on them [6,7]. A variety of objects, including cells, DNA, and polymer beads, can be trapped and moved in this manner without any special preparation. The development of the microelectromagnet matrix and the micropost matrix makes it possible to build programmable and portable manipulation systems. By adjusting currents or voltages, the magnetic or electric fields produced by the microelectromagnets or the micropost matrix can be dynamically reconfigured to meet specific experimental needs. For example, a single cell can be trapped and precisely positioned with micrometer scale resolution, or multiple cells can be trapped separately and moved along different paths simultaneously. Because the microelectromagnet matrix and the micropost matrix are self-contained, they can reduce the complexity and the size of experimental
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setups. By integrating the microelectromagnet matrix and the micropost matrix with
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