Magnetic Field Assisted Electrospinning of Nanofibers Using Solutions with PVDF and Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles
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Magnetic Field Assisted Electrospinning of Nanofibers Using Solutions with PVDF and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Juan A. Gonzalez 1, Rogerio Furlan 1, Raymond Lopez1, Luis M. Martinez1 and Esteban Fachini2 1
Physics and Electronics Department, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao,
Call Box 860 Humacao, PR 00792 2
General Studies Faculty, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, Edificio Domingo Marrero Navarro, San Juan, PR, 00931 ABSTRACT This study aims at investigating the formation of nanofibers containing poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles using magnetic field assisted electrospinning. For this purpose, two Helmholtz coils were mounted on the electrospinning apparatus in order to create a uniform magnetic field. Different separations, angles and magnetic fields are being analyzed. Polymeric solutions containing PVDF, DMF and acetone with a concentration of 18 wt% were adopted (DMF to Acetone ratio of 3 to 1). Iron Oxide Nanopowder (Fe3O4, particle diameter of 20 nm to 30 nm) to PVDF ratios are 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15. The application of the electromagnetic field during fiber deposition results in better orientation of the polymer flow towards the grounded electrode and leads to smoother fibers with diameters in the range of hundreds of nanometers. Blisters, probably related to Fe3O4 agglomerates, were distributed on the surface of all samples of this study. A magnetic field response of the nanofibers with higher magnetic fields was clear observed. By adding more Fe3O4 to the polymeric solution the ferromagnetic response on thin films and nanofibers was improved. The analysis of circular capacitors revealed a full dielectric response. INTRODUCTION One dimensional nanostructures like nanofibers prepared with PVDF, poly(vinylidene fluoride), are commonly used due to its excellent chemical stability, ferroelectricity (1) and piezoelectricity (2). PVDF has been widely studied for applications in rechargeable batteries and commonly used as electrical wire insulator, fundamentally for its anticorrosive and low weight properties (3). Electrospinning uses an electric field to draw very fine fibers from a combination of a solution of PDVF with different solvents obtaining polymeric fibers ranging from nanometers to micrometers (4). Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) have numerous significant applications including data storage, solar energy transformation, ultrasensitive sensors and potential biomedical applications including the treatment of certain types of cancers and can be found commercially with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers with purity above 95%. (5)(6).
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The nanofibers morphology was observed by using a scanning electron microscope manufactured by JEOL, model 6480LV, using 5keV and magnifications of 15,000 and 10,000 for images, and 20 KV for piezoelectric response observations. The diameter of the fibers and agglomerates of iron oxide were determined by using the software “image J” developed by the National Institute of Health. Magnetic behavior was analyzed using
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