Magnetite encapsulated alginates tailored material for the sustainable treatment of electroplating industrial wastewater
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Magnetite encapsulated alginates tailored material for the sustainable treatment of electroplating industrial wastewater: column dynamics and mass transfer studies K. Nithya1,2 · Asha Sathish3 · P. Senthil Kumar4,5 Received: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The current study proposes the use of magnetic beads for the treatment of nickel ions of the industrial wastewater system. More specifically, the removal of nickel ions is studied in single and multi-metal ion systems which enabled the scalability of nano-enabled technology to industrial systems. The current synthesis neither involves expensive precursors nor complex procedures. Indeed, the improved surface properties of the adsorbent are due to the use of Lantana camara, in the synthesis. The surface properties and functional attributes of the magnetic beads were characterized by FTIR and SEM analyses. The breakthrough experiments were done for selected column depths, varying feed flow rates and metal ion concentrations. In particular, the interventions of the interfering ions of the electroplating effluents are captured in the breakthrough analysis. Besides the lowest bed capacity reported in the multi-metal systems, the column operated with nickel ions showed a maximum bed capacity of 12.36 mg/g at a flow rate of 2 mL/min in the 20 cm bed. Furthermore, an extended breakthrough time of 780 min is obtained for 50 mg/L nickel ion solution at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. In addition, the modelling of breakthrough curves using Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and BDST models have shown reasonable fits. In addition, repeated cycles of regeneration studies showed improved efficiency of 65% in the first cycle. More specifically, the alginate validated the selective preferential adsorption of cationic substances over anionic components in the studied column. Graphic abstract
Keywords Magnetite · Nanoparticles · Column analysis · Lantana · Nickel · Electroplating wastewater
* P. Senthil Kumar [email protected]; [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Introduction Water, the most essential natural resource for life has undergone unforeseen hazards over these years. Despite numerous water contamination concerns, heavy metal discharges from industrial sources continue to be a great challenge for the global society. More specifically, research on heavy metals received paramount attention due to their extreme toxicity at very lower concentrations. Amongst numerous toxic metals, the most harmful are arsenic, chromium, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel and copper (Germanos et al. 2017). Studies have reported that these heavy metals cause irreparable damage to human health and the environment. Moreover, a large number of chemical industries discharge the effluents with absolutely no treatment. Hence, their regulatory limits and their adverse effect on human health are periodically reviewed and monitored by i
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