Magnetization Effects in bulk YFeO 3 and their dependency on electric field strength and temperature as a basis for thin
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Magnetization Effects in bulk YFeO3 and their dependency on electric field strength and temperature as a basis for thin film investigation of Multiferroic Technology A. Hinckley, R.K. Gupta, P.K. Kahol, K. Ghosh Dept. of Physics, Astronomy, and Materials Science Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri-65897, USA ABSTRACT Multiferroics, the study of materials which possess ferromagnetic and ferroelectric ordering in a single phase, has become an area of prominent research. Moreover, this behavior has been extensively studied in materials which possess a perovskite crystal structure such as BiFeO3 and YMnO3. Due to their weak saturation magnetic moment, many rare-earth orthoferrites are currently of extreme interest. Utilizing a solid-state reaction between Y2O3 and Fe2O3 we have developed the rare-earth orthoferrite YFeO3 and conducted a bulk material study to determine this material’s availability for thin film multiferroic research. The absence of Y2O3 and Fe2O3 impurities was confirmed using Copper-K XRD. Examination of the dependence of the magnetization M on the temperature T was conducted to determine the reliability of multiferroic behavior across varying temperatures in conjunction with the investigation of the dependence of M on the electric field strength H. Results clearly display ferromagnetic behavior in our bulk material, providing ample evidence that our bulk material is an excellent candidate for thin film studies. Future studies on multiferroic YFeO3 thin films grown via pulsed laser deposition on Lanthanum Aluminate substrates will be conducted. Detailed data will be provided via XRD and SQUID to confirm magnetic properties while impurities are non-existent in our thin films. INTRODUCTION Spintronics, the theory of computing by use of the direction of the magnetic spin of electrons rather than their collective charge, has seen an exponential increase in research. Thus, as a result of this newfound interest in the magnetic properties of a computational system, the world of materials research has also seen a focus on magnetism in recent times. Specifically, a focus has been developed on certain materials which exhibit a strong coupling between magnetic and electrical phenomena. These materials, which have been named multiferroic, are of great concern as they represent the capability to control electrical polarization via the application of a magnetic field. One facet of these materials which have shown multiferroic possibilities are orthoferrites. These ceramics of the form ABO3 have already shown promise in the development of spin-valves and other spintronic components. For example, BiFeO3 has been shown to exhibit a strong relationship between these magnetic and electrical properties although it has also been shown that the magnitude of magnetization effects is much smaller than that of the electrical polarization effects [1]. Yttrium Orthoferrite (YFeO3) is a well-known ceramic which is typically considered antiferromagnetic while being ferroelectric, yet it has been shown that the canting
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