Magnetization Studied as a Function of Temperature and Magnetic Field for Ferromagnetic Transition in DMNaFe

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08395-1 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

Magnetization Studied as a Function of Temperature and Magnetic Field for Ferromagnetic Transition in DMNaFe E. KILIT DOGAN1,4 and H. YURTSEVEN

2,3,5

1.—Department of Physics, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey. 2.—Physics Group, Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Kalkanli via Mersin 10, Guzelyurt, Turkey. 3.—Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]. 5.—e-mail: [email protected]

Magnetization has been calculated as a function of temperature in the ferromagnetic phase of (CH3)2NH2Na0.5Fe0.5(HCOO)3 denoted by DMNaFe as one of the metal formate framework by using molecular field theory. Calculated M(T) is compared with the magnetization measured as a function of temperature (H = 10 Oe) in field-cooling and zero-field-cooling regimes from the literature, and a power-law analysis of the experimental data was performed for DMNaFe. Magnetization measured as a function of the magnetic field, as reported in the literature, has also been analyzed by the power-law formula. The magnetization indicates a weak first-order (or nearly second-order) ferromagnetic transition in DMNaFe. Key words: Ferromagnetic transition, magnetization, DMNaFe

INTRODUCTION Hybrid organic–inorganic materials, in particular, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have been studied extensively because of their various structures which can be changed by using different organic ligands and metal ions.1–4 MOFs have potential applications as catalysts, chemical sensors, and luminescent materials,2,5,6 which are attractive for gas storage,7–9 and they possess good gas sorption and luminescence properties,10,11 as previously indicated.12,13 MOFs are the multiferroic materials which exhibit two coexisting orders among the electric and magnetic (also elastic). Thus, as mainly oxides of transition metal elements,14 they are widely used for dynamic random access memories, data storage media, telecommunication systems, and electromagnetic sensors, etc.,15,16 as also stated in an earlier study.17 As multiferroic materials, they undergo order–disorder transition, and also some perovskite MOFs, such as a heterometallic (CH3)2NH2Na0.5Fe0.5(HCOO)3 or shortly DMNaFe, exhibit

(Received April 10, 2020; accepted August 1, 2020)

 symstructural phase transition12,13 with the R3 metry at 293 K and the triclinic symmetry at 110 K.12 This compound undergoes a magnetic phase transition at Tm = 8.5 K with a small hysteresis in the magnetization ,M(H), as measured, indicating a ferromagnetic character of the ordering.12 It exhibits a weak ferromagnetism due to a small canting of the underlying antiferromagnetic lattice.12 It has been pointed out12 that the small saturation magnetization of DMNaFe, as in the other metal formates templated by dimethylammonium,17–20 ammonium,21 and imidazolium,22 is consistent with the spin-canted mechanism of the longrange magnetic ordering in DMNaFe. Magnet

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