Magnetoelectric effect in a bi-rectangular structure composed of negative/positive magnetostrictive and piezoelectric fl
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-an Pan School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
Wei Wu College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People’s Republic of China (Received 6 April 2011; accepted 4 August 2011)
Magnetoelectric (ME) effect has been studied in bi-rectangular structure made up of epoxy-bonded negative/positive magnetostrictive and piezoelectric flakes. The ME effect is affected by negative and positive magnetostrictive flakes. The ME voltage coefficient at resonance frequency shows a nearly constant plateau behavior with the bias magnetic field increased from 1 to 3.5 kOe. There is no interface between magnetostrictive and piezoelectric flakes required to achieve ME coupling, which provides a new choice to make ME devices.
I. INTRODUCTION
Magnetoelectric (ME) materials, which can display an induction of magnetization by an electric field or of polarization by a magnetic field, have stimulated tremendous fundamental and practical interests due to their potential applications in multifunctional devices such as sensors, actuators, and transducers.1–4 In the past decades, ME materials have been developed in single-phase materials and multiphase bulk composites. Single-phase ME materials are not suitable for practical applications owing to their weak ME response and low working temperature.5 Bulk ME composites, especially layered ME composites made by combining magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers, exhibit excellent ME effect at room temperature. To enhance the ME voltage coefficient, layered ME composites, with Ni, Fe-Co alloys, or rareearth alloys as the magnetostrictive phase and with lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate as the piezoelectric phase, have been made into various structures.6–14 The ME effect in layered ME composites is a product property of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric effects. A magnetic field applied to the layered ME composites will induce strain in the magnetostrictive layer which is passed along to the piezoelectric layer, where it induces an electric polarization.15 The ME coupling of layered ME composites mainly arises from the a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2011.258 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 26, No. 21, Nov 14, 2011
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magnetic–mechanical–electric transform through the stress-mediated transfer in the interface. Therefore, the interfacial coupling is the key to the ME coupling of layered composites. However, in practice, there is no ideal interface for layered ME composites, which reduces the ME coupling.16 Besides utilizing the product property of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric effects mentioned above, the extrinsic ME effect can also be realized in multiphase magnet-piezoelectric composites using the direct coupling of the magnetic attractive/repellent force effect in the magnet phase with the piezoele
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