Malignant Melanoma
In 1972, an experimental study on boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for malignant melanoma was initiated by Mishima and his colleagues. They first proposed employing BNCT for malignant melanomas, utilizing the specific melanin synthesis activity of mel
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Junichi Hiratsuka and Hiroshi Fukuda
Contents 26.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................
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26.2 Actual State-of-the-Art Treatment ...........................................................................
435
26.3 Rationale for BNCT ...................................................................................................
435
26.4 Melanoma and BPA ...................................................................................................
438
26.5 Technical Aspects .......................................................................................................
436
26.6 Clinical Applications ..................................................................................................
438
26.7 Results ........................................................................................................................ 26.7.1 Cutaneous Melanoma..................................................................................... 26.7.2 Mucosal Melanoma (Kawasaki Group) .........................................................
439 439 442
26.8 Level of Evidence........................................................................................................
445
26.9 Further Development .................................................................................................
446
References ............................................................................................................................
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J. Hiratsuka (*) Department of Radiation Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan e-mail: [email protected] H. Fukuda Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan email: [email protected] W.A.G. Sauerwein et al. (eds.), Neutron Capture Therapy, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-31334-9_26, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
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26.1
J. Hiratsuka and H. Fukuda
Introduction
In 1972, an experimental study on boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for malignant melanoma was initiated by Mishima and his colleagues (Kobe University group). They first proposed employing BNCT for malignant melanomas utilizing the specific melanin synthesis activity of melanoma cells. For that purpose, 10B-paraboronophenylalanine (BPA) was reevaluated by his group. After 15 years of basic research, this team started the first clinical trial of cutaneous melanoma BNCT using BPA in 1987 [1–12]. Thanks to improvement in boron delivery agents and lowenergy neutron beam technology, several BNCT clinical trials for melanoma were started in the world: at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1994 for cutaneous melanoma and in 1996 for intracerebral melanoma (Harvard/MIT group) [13–15], at the high flux reactor in Petten in 2002 for brain metastases of melanoma (Petten/Essen group) [16, 17], at RA-6 reactor in Argentina in 2003 for cutaneous melanoma (Ar
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