Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes
Water’s role in the nature is very fundamental. As it circulates in the atmosphere, in the rivers, lakes, soil, rock, and in the oceans, it is the major conveyer of va- ous chemical substances and of energy, and it can also be called as the blood of the e
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Editorial Board Dogan Altinbilek (Ankara, Turkey) Chennat Gopalakrishnan (Honolulu, USA) Jan Lundqvist (Link¨oping, Sweden) Alexandra Pres (Feldafing, Germany) Anthony Turton (Pretoria, South Africa) Olli Varis (Helsinki, Finland)
Olli Varis Cecilia Tortajada Asit K. Biswas (Eds.)
Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes With 27 Figures and 18 Tables
AB
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Water Resources Laboratory
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Prof. Olli Varis Helsinki University of Technology Water Resources Laboratory FI-02015 Espoo Finland olli.varis@tkk.fi
Cecilia Tortajada Third World Centre for Water Management Avenida Manantial Oriente 27 52958 Los Clubes, Atizapan Mexico [email protected]
Prof. Asit K. Biswas Third World Centre for Water Management Avenida Manantial Oriente 27 52958 Los Clubes, Atizapan Mexico [email protected]
ISBN: 978-3-540-74926-4
e-ISBN: 978-3-540-74928-8
Water Resources Development and Management ISSN: 1614-810X Library of Congress Control Number: 2007937519 c 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
This book is dedicated to Pertti Vakkilainen Professor of Water Resources at Helsinki University of Technology as a token of esteem for an eminent engineer and humanist and as a mark of true regard for a friend.
Foreword Water’s role in the nature is very fundamental. As it circulates in the atmosphere, in the rivers, lakes, soil, rock, and in the oceans, it is the major conveyer of various chemical substances and of energy, and it can also be called as the blood of the ecosystems of this planet. But at the same time water is interwoven in the various functions of the nature and the human society in countless ways which makes water one of the most complicated challenges of the mankind today. These challenges call for seeing water in a broad development framework, pressed by a mix of demographic, social, environmental, technological and economic drivers. Human beings are exploiting and enjoying, but at the same time polluting and deteriorating, the waters in various ways and water is equally important to the human socio-economic system as it is to the n
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