Mantram Repetition as a Portable Mindfulness Practice: Applications During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Mantram Repetition as a Portable Mindfulness Practice: Applications During the COVID-19 Pandemic Doug Oman 1
&
Jill E. Bormann 2 & Jim J. Kane 3
Accepted: 27 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Objective Mantram or holy name repetition has long been practiced in every major religious tradition. Repetition of a mantram as a mindfulness practice is helpful for stress management and resilience building. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the key features of mantram and the Mantram Repetition Program (MRP) developed in the US Veterans Healthcare System, the evidence base for the MRP, and its applications. Methods MRP practices are portable and do not require an extended or regularized period of sitting, in contrast to most methods of meditation. Core functions of MRP practices include focus shifting, frame activation, and fostering of mindfulness. We review scientific research, including multiple randomized trials, that has investigated the MRP. Results Research on the MRP has documented reductions in posttraumatic stress symptoms, insomnia, hyperarousal, and depression, as well as enhancement of quality of life, self-efficacy, and mindfulness. Mantram repetition may possess comparative advantages for managing symptoms of various mental health conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder, HIV/ AIDS, cancer, and chronic diseases. Conclusions MRP practices can be integrated into daily routines to manage stress and improve coping, safety, efficacy, calmness, and resilience. The inclusion of mantram repetition alongside conventional mindfulness-based practices for stress management will improve their cultural and religious inclusiveness, enabling societies and organizations to build greater collective resilience. Mantram repetition can be readily used in the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on healthcare workers, patients, and the public. Keywords Stress management . Mantra . Spirituality . Diversity . Resilience . COVID-19
Frequent mantram repetition is a mindfulness-fostering practice that is often neglected in mindfulness literature, despite the longstanding use of mantram (or mantra) repetition in Buddhism, and the widespread use of mantram practices in the USA. Now a focus of scientific study, mantram repetition possesses a long history as a traditional religious practice: repetition of a single short word, phrase, or prayer— * Doug Oman [email protected] 1
School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room #5302, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
2
Hahn School of Nursing and Health Sciences/Beyster Institute of Nursing Research, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110-2492, USA
3
Department of Education, Development & Research, Hillcrest Medical Center, University of California, San Diego, 402 Dickinson St. Mail Code 8929, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
commonly called a mantram in Eastern traditions or a holy name in Western traditions—has been used for centuries in every major religious tradition, often as a portable
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