Map of Anthropogenic Soil Erosion of Russia
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Map of Anthropogenic Soil Erosion of Russia Academician A. L. Ivanova, Academician I. Yu. Savina,b,*, V. S. Stolbovoya,
S. A. Avetyana,c, E. A. Shishkonakovaa, and A. N. Kashtanova Received February 19, 2020; revised May 14, 2020; accepted May 15, 2020
Abstract—The last map of anthropogenic soil erosion in Russia was compiled more than 20 years ago on a scale of 1 : 5000000. In recent years, additional data on soil erosion have been accumulated. New mapping approaches have appeared that enable us to present more detailed digital data at the country level. The geometric part of the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia (on the initial scale of 1 : 2500000) (USRSRR) was used as the basis for map updating. Information on soil erosion was read from the old erosion map for each delineated soil area of the USRSRR. Then it was expertly analyzed and corrected, using the data on soil properties in each soil mapping unit. After that, the information on anthropogenic soil erosion was corrected based on the soil plowing map of Russia and the map of pastures. At the last stage, additional data obtained over the past twenty-year period were entered into the database. The updated map is presented in a GIS format (shapefile). The map contains information on the distribution of soils disturbed as a result of water and anthropogenic erosion. Keywords: soil degradation, water erosion, soil mapping, Russia DOI: 10.1134/S1028334X20080097
There was a state system of mapping and monitoring of soil erosion on all agricultural lands in Russia in the Soviet period. According to the data of that period, more than 500 million tons of fertile soil was removed from plowed slopes in the country every year. About 56% of the total area of croplands in the country was assigned to eroded land. Water and wind erosion of soils resulted in a decrease in the grain harvest by about 15.8 million tons per year. The total annual damage from these processes in agriculture in Russia, according to estimates of the Soviet period, was more than $9.7 billion. The data on soil erosion was generalized at the level of the country in the map of soil erosion on a scale of 1 : 2500000 published in 1999 by the Dokuchaev Institute of Soil Science [1]. The same generalized information was used during the implementation of the international projects GLASOD [6] and SOVEUR [10], as well as for the compilation of a geoinformation database of soil degradation in Russia [9]. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the implementation of the state soil monitoring program was a Dokuchaev Institute of Soil Science, Moscow, 119017 Russia b Agrarian-Technological
Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198 Russia c Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
stopped and data on soil erosion in Russia have not been updated for the past 30-year period. The result of our research consisted in the compilation of a new map of soils in Russia eroded as a result of agrogenic impact. This map enabled us to obtain u
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