Mapping Access to Affordable Early Childhood Education and Care: Methodology and Application to Community Advocacy
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Mapping Access to Affordable Early Childhood Education and Care: Methodology and Application to Community Advocacy Javzandulam T. Azuma 1 Ivette Rodriguez Stern 1
& Barbara
D. DeBaryshe 1
& Kathleen
T. Gauci 1
&
Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020/ # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Accessible and affordable early childhood care and education (ECE) is crucial to child, family, and community well-being. High quality ECE programs set the stage for lifelong learning, health, and overall well-being and yield a high rate of return on public investment. Equitable access to ECE remains an intractable challenge in the U.S. and elsewhere. We used spatial analysis to create a single micro-level indicator of ECE affordability for an urban county. This indicator combined information on supply (number of nearby sets), demand (number of children competing for these seats), and cost burden (cost as a percentage of median family income). We measured and mapped the affordability of programs within a 3-mile driving distance of a prototypical family home using a two-step floating catchment area method. Overall, affordability was low, with only 14% of young children having access to ECE that met the federal affordability threshold. Although affordability was inversely related to neighborhood income, not all low-income areas were under-resourced. The ECE affordability indicator can arm community advocates and help policymakers identify inequities and direct resources to the highest-need communities. The computational procedures and mapping techniques applied are flexible and can be scaled up to visualize inequities across large areas (e.g., a province or state), or used at a micro level to identify where in a community a new childcare center would have the most impact. Keywords Community well-being . Community indicators . Childcare . Early childhood .
Equity . Mapping . Spatial analysis
* Javzandulam T. Azuma [email protected]
1
Center on the Family, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
International Journal of Community Well-Being
Introduction Access to affordable, conveniently located, and high quality early childhood care and education (ECE) programs is crucial to the well-being of children, families, and communities. Equitable access exists when all families “with reasonable effort and affordability, can enroll their child in an arrangement that supports the child’s development and meets the parents’ needs” (Friese Lin et al. 2017, p. 5). While ECE policy is usually set at a national or regional level, variation in access is often experienced at the community level. Measures of access are useful for identifying communities with unmet needs, planning for the strategic expansion of services, and tracking the outcomes of policies intended to increase the availability and use of ECE programs. The early childhood period (birth through age 5) is a period of exquisite sensitivity to environmental influences when positive caretaking relationships and enriching daily exper
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