Mapping Stresses on the Tibial Plateau Cartilage in an Ovine Model Using In-Vivo Gait Kinematics
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Annals of Biomedical Engineering (Ó 2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02650-6
Original Article
Mapping Stresses on the Tibial Plateau Cartilage in an Ovine Model Using In-Vivo Gait Kinematics PARIS VAKIEL ,1,2 MEHDI SHEKARFOROUSH,1,2 CHRISTOPHER R. DENNISON,3 MICHAEL SCOTT,4 GREGORY MUENCH,4 DAVID A. HART,1,5,6 and NIGEL G. SHRIVE1,2 1 McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; 3Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 4Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; 5Department of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; and 6Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada 2
(Received 10 July 2020; accepted 3 October 2020) Associate Editor Jane Grande-Allen oversaw the review of this article.
Abstract—Understanding stresses within the knee joint is central to understanding knee function, and the etiology and progression of degenerative joint diseases such as posttraumatic osteoarthritis. In this study, in vivo gait kinematics of four ovine subjects were recorded using a highly accurate Instrumented Spatial Linkage (ISL) as each subject walked on a standard treadmill. The subjects were then sacrificed, and the right hind limbs removed. Ten purpose-built Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors were positioned within each stifle joint and used to measured contact stresses on the articulating surface of the tibial plateau as the recorded gait was replicated using a 6-degrees-of-freedom parallel robotic system. This study provides the first accurate, direct measurement of stress in a joint during in vivo gait replication. It was hypothesized that the results would indicate a direct link between gait kinematics and measured stress values. Contrary to this expectation no direct link was found between individualistic differences in kinematics and differences in stress magnitudes. This finding highlights the complex multifactorial nature of stress magnitudes and distribution patterns across articular joints. The results also indicate that stress magnitudes within the knee joint are highly position dependent with magnitudes varying substantially between points only a few mm apart. Keywords—Mechanical stress, Biomechanics, Fibre optic sensors, FBG sensors.
Address correspondence to Paris Vakiel, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Electronic mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION The knee is the largest and most complex joint in the body, operating in full 6 degrees of freedom space (3 rotations and 3 translations). While often simplified to a hinge joint (e.g.6,18), this simplification cannot fully describe the complicated motion of the knee. The position and direction of the axes of rotation for all 3 possible rotational degree
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