Measuring the Internal Stress in Ovine Meniscus During Simulated In Vivo Gait Kinematics: A Novel Method Using Fibre Opt
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Annals of Biomedical Engineering (Ó 2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02652-4
Original Article
Measuring the Internal Stress in Ovine Meniscus During Simulated In Vivo Gait Kinematics: A Novel Method Using Fibre Optic Technology PARIS VAKIEL ,1,2 CHRISTOPHER R. DENNISON,3 MEHDI SHEKARFOROUSH,2 MICHAEL SCOTT,4 DAVID A. HART,1,5,6 and NIGEL G. SHRIVE1,2 1
McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; 3Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 4Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; 5Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada; and 6Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada 2
(Received 23 April 2020; accepted 5 October 2020) Associate Editor Thurmon E. Lockhart oversaw the review of this article.
Abstract—Changes in stress transferred across articular joints have been described as a substantial factor in the initiation and progression of joint disease such as posttraumatic osteoarthritis and have thus been of interest to biomechanical researchers. However, to date, stress magnitudes within the menisci have not been successfully measured. In this study, a novel method for measuring stress within the menisci is presented. Small Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors were inserted inside menisci and used to measure mechanical stress during replicated gait cycles. Invitro stress measurements within the menisci were preformed for healthy gait and gait following surgical damage to the joints. Together with our capability to reproduce in vivo motions accurately, the improvements in fibre optic technology have allowed for the first direct measurement of mechanical stress in menisci. Keywords—Stress in meniscus, Fibre optic technology, FBG sensors.
INTRODUCTION The biomechanical function of the menisci is reflected in their structure, anatomy, and relationship to their adjoining structures. The menisci serve many essential biomechanical functions including contributions to load transmission across the joint,30 lubrication,26 joint congruity,36 nutrition,23 joint stability,16,29
Address correspondence to Paris Vakiel, McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic mail: pa.vakiel@ gmail.com
as well as decreasing contact stresses by increasing contact area.14,36 The important role and function of the menisci has been clinically inferred by various difficulties and degenerative changes of the articular surfaces in patients who have undergone meniscectomy surgeries.6 Weight bearing creates axial forces across the knee joint, compressing the menisci and producing ‘‘hoop’’ (circumferential) stresses.7,30,36 The firm attachments of the menisci to the anterior and posterior insertional ligaments prevent the menisci from extruding p
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