Mars and How to Observe It

Mars has long been a favorite subject for astronomers, both amateur and professional. Known as the Red Planet because of its distinct color, it shines brightly in the skies when it is closest to the Earth every two years. Exciting to view through a telesc

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Series Editor Dr. Michael D. Inglis, BSc, MSc, Ph.D. Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society Suffolk County Community College New York, USA [email protected]

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5338

Peter Grego

Mars and How to Observe It

Peter Grego Cornwall PL26 8AS United Kingdom

ISSN 1611-7360 ISBN 978-1-4614-2301-0 ISBN 978-1-4614-2302-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2302-7 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012935783 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To Auntie Pat, a rock firmer than Mars itself

Introduction: A Perspective on Mars

Introduction: A Perspective on Mars Discover Mars Mars was discovered way back in the spring of 1982 – April 10th at 10.15 pm, to be precise. Following a pleasant evening’s observations of Jupiter and Saturn, and looking forward to a later view of the rising waning gibbous Moon, a young amateur astronomer delighting in the thrills afforded him by his modest 60 mm refractor, swung the little instrument towards a bright orange star, high in the south. Being relatively new to the heavens, the novice stargazer did not suspect the true nature of this amber-tinted luminary which shone in western Virgo, t