Marx, the Body, and Human Nature

Marx, the Body, and Human Nature shows that the body and the broader material world played a far more significant role in Marx's theory than previously recognised. It provides a fresh 'take' on Marx's theory, revealing a much more open, dynamic and unstab

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Marx, the Body, and Human Nature John G. Fox College of Arts, Victoria University, Australia

© John G. Fox 2015 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-349-56590-0 ISBN 978-1-137-50798-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137507983 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fox, John G., 1964– Marx, the body, and human nature / John G. Fox, Victoria University, Australia. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Human body (Philosophy) 2. Marx, Karl, 1818–1883. 3. Philosophical anthropology. I. Title. B105.B64F69 2015 1289.6092—dc23

2015013977

Contents Acknowledgements

vi

1

Introduction: Evading the Body

1

2

Early Influences: Pain and Promise

21

3

Spinoza’s Revolution

42

4

Hegel: Wrestling with Desire

75

5

Feuerbach: Embracing Limitation

106

6

Marx’s Objective Being

123

7

Marx’s Species Being

153

8

Marx and Species Consciousness

186

9

The Promise of the Body

206

Notes

230

Bibliography

236

Index

249

v

Acknowledgements This book reflects an extraordinary journey undertaken with the inspiration and support of many extraordinary people. From the very beginning, I have been blessed with the support of my parents, Terence Michael Fox and the late Margaret Mary Fox. They have taught me the meaning of selflessness and unconditional love. I have also been guided for so many years by a great many teachers. I am grateful for the vision and commitment of those at Benedict College, who saw more in this