Materials and Their Selection
Materials engineering is one of the key technologies that have been closely linked with the diesel engine development from its beginnings to the present day. Not only the high firing pressures and temperatures already connected with the basic idea but als
- PDF / 6,381,770 Bytes
- 50 Pages / 547.087 x 737.008 pts Page_size
- 43 Downloads / 213 Views
Industrial and Marine Engines Gu¨nter Kampichler, Heiner Bu¨lte, Franz Koch, and Klaus Heim
18.1
Small Single Cylinder Diesel Engines
18.1.1
Introduction
The industrial single cylinder diesel engine has a history steeped in tradition, which extends from the first operable diesel engine in 1897 up to today’s versatile, air-cooled, small single cylinder diesel engine. On account of the low manufacturing costs relative to output, lowfuel consumption, good lubrication conditions and better exhaust quality, it is now only built as a fourstroke engine, primarily in the small diesel engine segment. Despite the high level of development achieved, potentials for improvement continue to be researched. These are chiefly envisioned in the use of new, high grade materials and in the criteria of air/fuel mixture formation and control. While the service life and reliability of industrial engines will always have top priority, complicated market mechanisms as well as additional parameters, e.g. exhaust and noise emission, increasingly demand consideration (see Chaps. 15 and 16). Technical advances in related types of product ranges are also spurring on the development of small diesel engines. However, the same standard cannot always be applied: the development of a new engine generation or the introduction of new technologies necessitates meticulous studies, including exact analysis of present engine engineering, which has proven itself in harsh industrial operation for decades. Only a correct assessment of foreseeable stages of development and future requirements will make it possible to integrate new technologies in internal product development at an early stage and successfully market these products with an edge over the competition. Fields of application for engines with a power range of 2–12 kW at 3,000 to a maximum of 3,600 rpm are construction equipment, municipal vehicles, lawn and garden and agricultural equipment and small tractors, electric generators, water pumps and boat engines. The classic small single cylinder diesel engine. Horizontal designs are only still found in Asia. Typically implemented
K. Heim (*) Wa¨rtsila¨ Switzerland Ltd., Winterthur, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected]
as gasoline lawnmower and outboard engines earlier, vertical shaft engines also became available as single cylinder four-stroke diesel engines four years ago (Fig. 18-1). Free inertial forces and moments of inertia are less noticeable in devices with a low location of center of gravity, e.g. lawnmowers. Engine customers’ demands are diverse and extremely varied. They all want to see their current case of installation optimally resolved in terms of function and cost. Responding to every customer demand would result in a multiplicity of different engines. This is only worthwhile when backed up by suitable quantities, which is normally not the case. Consequently, all engine manufacturers attempt to develop their own concept strategies, which, taking a basic engine as the point of departure, can provide maximally variable, uni
Data Loading...
