Mathematical Models for Evacuation Planning in Urban Areas
Disasters like floods, hurricanes, chemical or nuclear accidents may cause the necessity to evacuate the affected area. The evacuation of the urban area needs to be planned carefully. One issue is the reorganization of the traffic routing. Congested
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Sarah Bretschneider
Mathematical Models for Evacuation Planning in Urban Areas
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Dipl. Math. Sarah Bretschneider Solingen Germany
ISSN 0075-8442 ISBN 978-3-642-28758-9 ISBN 978-3-642-28759-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-28759-6 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012943378 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
This book results from my work as a research assistant at the university of DuisburgEssen. The research was partly supported by the WestLB—Stiftung Zukunft NRW. Evacuation planning involves many tasks, like the determination of the evacuation area, safe zones, and appropriate shelters, as well as the coordination and training of the emergency staff or the planning of the routing and regulation of traffic on the evacuation routes. This research concentrates on the optimization of the routing for the case of an evacuation of urban areas with high density and complex street network structure. Especially, the properties of intersections are investigated and heuristic methods are developed to solve the resulting complex mixed-integer linear optimization programs. Without the support of my
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