Measurement and analysis of friction and wear on electrodeposited coatings against a high carbon chrome steel ball
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This paper investigates friction and wear between an electro-deposited coating and high carbon chrome steel. A ball-on-flat plate tribometer was developed, measuring tangential and normal displacements of a high carbon chrome steel ball. For the purpose of measuring displacements of a ball, laser displacement sensors were used. An electro-deposited coating was applied to a cold-rolled high strength steel plate. Displacement amplitudes of 0.2 and 1.0 mm were imposed to produce fretting and reciprocal sliding at contact. A steady-state value of the kinetic friction coefficient between an electro-deposited coating and high carbon chrome steel was found to be about 0.28. It was identified that wear volume on a coated specimen increased with the number of cycles. Correlation between the wear volume and a normal displacement of a ball was found to be linear. It was demonstrated that the proposed method is useful for understanding friction and wear of an electro-deposited coating.
I. INTRODUCTION
Electro-deposited coatings are widely used in automotive and aerospace industries due to advantages, such as good anti-corrosion performance, applicability to various substrate materials, low deposition cost, and precise control.1,2 Additionally, electro-deposited coatings maintain anti-friction properties, thereby being often applied to tribo-components. For instance, epoxy-based cathodic electro-deposited coatings are applied to automotive seat slide tracks.3 A steady-state friction coefficient between the coating and a bearing steel ball was found to be about 0.3 under dry conditions. Other electro-deposited coatings were developed and their tribological properties were evaluated.4–6 An electro-deposited Ni coating was developed with inorganic fullerene-like nano-spheres of tungsten disulphide.4 An electro-deposited Ni coating was found to reduce the frictional force of archwires in orthodontic applications. Electro-deposition of diamondlike carbon films on nickel and silicon substrates was studied.5,6 Effective deposition processes were described for synthesizing diamond-like carbon films from organic liquid and from a solution of acetylene in liquid ammonia. Recently, pulsed electro-deposited nickel–tungsten coatings were developed from a citrate bath.7 It was identified that the wear rate of electro-deposited nickel– tungsten coatings was lower than those of conventional hard chrome coatings under dry conditions. Tin coatings Contributing Editor: Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2015.388
were electrodeposited from sulfonic acid electrolytes, and the tribological behavior was studied.8 A super-hydrophobic composite coating was electrodeposited with a nano-crystalline metal matrix.9 Microhardness of an electro-deposited composite coating was evaluated with various saccharin concentrations in an electrolyte. A ball-on-flat or cylinder-on-flat contact geometry is typically used for automotive seat-adjusting slide rails. A metallic ball is placed between two
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