Measurements of Emissions to Air from a Marine Engine Fueled by Methanol
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Measurements of Emissions to Air from a Marine Engine Fueled by Methanol Erik Fridell 1,2 & Håkan Salberg 1 & Kent Salo 2 Received: 10 May 2019 / Accepted: 14 July 2020 # Harbin Engineering University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Emissions of exhaust gases and particulate matter from a dual fuel marine engine using methanol as fuel with marine gasoil as pilot fuel have been examined for a ferry during operation. The emission factor for nitrogen oxides is lower than what is typically found for marine gasoil but does not reach the tier III limit. The emissions of particulate matter are significantly lower than for fuel oils and similar to what is found for LNG engines. The main part of the particles can be found in the ultrafine range with the peak being at around 18 nm. About 93% of the particles are evaporated and absorbed when using a thermodenuder, and thus a large majority of the particles are volatile. Methanol is a potential future marine fuel that will reduce emissions of air pollutants and can be made as a biofuel to meet emission targets for greenhouse gases. Keywords Marine engine . Methanol . Shipping . Marine fuels . Emissions . Nitrogen oxides . Particulate matter
1 Introduction Emissions of air pollutants from shipping have been the focus of a number of studies in recent years, and emission factors have been reported for engines using heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine gasoil (MGO) (Winnes et al. 2016, Anderson et al. 2015, Bengtsson et al. 2014) as well as liquefied natural gas (LNG) (Anderson et al. 2015, Ushakov et al. 2019). As other fuels are put forward and being demonstrated in view of legislation for air pollutants (IMO 2018) and the need to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) (MEPC 2018), there is a need to characterize emissions when using these fuels in order to assess impact on health, environment and climate. The use of high sulphur HFO in combination with weak regulations led to a situation with high emissions of Article Highlights • Measured emissions from a ship using methanol as fuel are reported. • PM emission factor is low and NOx emissions decreased relative fuel oil. * Erik Fridell [email protected] 1
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 530 21, 400 14 Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
2
Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
sulphur and nitrogen oxides as well as particulate matter leading to health risks and problems with, e.g. acidification and eutrophication (Andersson et al., 2016). In response to this, emission regulations have been imposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO 2018). Thus, the maximum allowed sulphur content in marine fuels is 0.5% from 2020, and in Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA), it is 0.1% from 2015. These limits will reduce the emissions of SO2 but are also intended to reduce the emissions of particulate matter (PM) since there is a dependence of fuel sulphur content for the PM emission factors (Winn
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