Measures of supply chain collaboration in container logistics
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Measures of supply chain collaboration in container logistics Young-Joon Seo, John Dinwoodie and Michael Roe International Shipping and Logistics Group, Faculty of Business, Plymouth Graduate School of Management, Plymouth University, MAST House, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Why do container ports and related maritime logistics organisations collaborate? Despite increasing research into supply chain collaboration (SCC), few valid and reliable instruments are available to measure accurately and objectively the multiple dimensions of SCC in maritime logistics contexts. This research aims to introduce SCC into maritime logistics as an intermediary supply chain process. It adopts comprehensive, rigorous and systematic procedures including item review, Q-sorting, pilot testing and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to develop and validate SCC measures. Practical instruments comprised 23 measures derived from a large-scale survey of 178 South Korean maritime logistics professionals. Empirical results indicate that a proposed model of SCC is statistically consistent, reliable and valid. Information sharing, knowledge creation, goal similarity, decision harmonisation and joint supply chain performance measurement were identified as factors that underpin SCC between ports and port users such as shipping lines, inland transport companies, freight forwarders, ship management companies and third-party logistics companies. This work extends the concept of SCC into maritime logistics, and offers managers insights into a self-diagnostic tool to shape effective collaborative relationships.
Maritime Economics & Logistics (2015) 17, 292–314. doi:10.1057/mel.2014.26; published online 2 October 2014
Keywords: supply chain collaboration; maritime logistics; port supply chain; containers; measurement development
Introduction Globalisation, increased international trade, and shorter life cycles of products and technologies have redefined maritime logistics. Global outsourcing has © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 1479-2931 Maritime Economics & Logistics www.palgrave-journals.com/mel/
Vol. 17, 3, 292–314
Measures of supply chain collaboration
stimulated increased movements of cargo, international procurement and new distribution strategies in multi-national companies. A preference for door-to-door services has prompted maritime logistics organisations (MLOs), including terminal operators, shipping lines, inland transport companies, freight forwarders, ship management companies and third-party logistics providers, to accept responsibility for transporting container cargoes door-to-door and to assume increased supply chain management (SCM) functions. Given the complexities of maritime logistics, supply chain collaboration (SCC) now underpins smooth cargo movements in supply chains. However, ports exhibit differing levels of SCC, and offer shippers varying levels of supply chain performance. Although SCC underpins effective SCM, it is insufficiently developed both academically and practic
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